To Track or Not to Track: User Reactions to Concepts in Longitudinal Health Monitoring

Background Advances in ubiquitous computing, smart homes, and sensor technologies enable novel, longitudinal health monitoring applications in the home. Many home monitoring technologies have been proposed to detect health crises, support aging-in-place, and improve medical care. Health professionals and potential end users in the lay public, however, sometimes question whether home health monitoring is justified given the cost and potential invasion of privacy. Objective The aim of the study was to elicit specific feedback from health professionals and laypeople about how they might use longitudinal health monitoring data for proactive health and well-being. Methods Interviews were conducted with 8 health professionals and 26 laypeople. Participants were asked to evaluate mock data visualization displays that could be generated by novel home monitoring systems. The mock displays were used to elicit reactions to longitudinal monitoring in the home setting as well as what behaviors, events, and physiological indicators people were interested in tracking. Results Based on the qualitative data provided by the interviews, lists of benefits of and concerns about health tracking from the perspectives of the practitioners and laypeople were compiled. Variables of particular interest to the interviewees, as well as their specific ideas for applications of collected data, were documented. Conclusions Based upon these interviews, we recommend that ubiquitous “monitoring” systems may be more readily adopted if they are developed as tools for personalized, longitudinal self-investigation that help end users learn about the conditions and variables that impact their social, cognitive, and physical health.

If he had reason to worry, he would want information about blood pressure, blood glucose, etc., but not otherwise. When I asked him about having comparison data, he agreed that having baseline data would be helpful He was interested in tracking headaches because he felt headache patterns may be indicators of stroke; as someone who is involved in a cognitively challenging job, anything related to the brain is of concern for him.

CONCERN: SKEPTICISM ABOUT WHETHER CONSTRUCT CAN BE QUANTIFIED (KNOWLEDGE ABOUT FAMILY) :[L2]
He questioned whether knowledge about friends and family could be quantitatively evaluated, given that there much of it is tacit; when framed as knowledge of birthdates, schedules, and other types of facts, he liked the idea of tracking it.

CONCERN: IF DON'T NEED ABILITY, DON'T NEED TO TRACK (NIGHT VISION) :[L2]
He didn't feel a need to track night vision because he doesn't do much at night without light.
He felt that time at which you go to sleep would be "definitely useful as historical data"

IDEA VARIABLE: BACKGROUND VERSUS ACTIVE TV WATCHING :[L2]
He noted that you could measure background TV watching versus active and would want that breakdown.
He thought there would be many he would say yes to in 20 years (such as hearing).

IDEA USE: 6 WEEK BASELINE INVESTIGATION :[L2]
There would be an argument for doing all of this stuff for, 6 weeks, let's say, and then turning off basically all the things I say no to, but having all that data for 10 years from now (for comparison). : [L2] Resorts by physical activity.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: COMMITMENTS AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE (MORE TAKE ON, LESS TIME TO EXERCISE) :[L2]
He noted that commitments has an orthogonal relationship to physical exercise (the more take on, less time to exercise) The main exercise he does is bicycling, so community traffic congestion is relevant.

IDEA USE: GOAL DIRECTED INVESTIGATIONS + BACKGROUND :[L2]
He could imagine being more interested in particular goals -he wouldn't want to turn off the sensors for other things though.
He notes that he already keeps a separate informational notebook that contains references to media that he identifies as relevant for his own interests and teaching. He does not date it and does not relate it to his entries in his personal reflections journal.

IDEA USE: PERSONAL REFLECTIONS AND MEDIA REFERENCES MAY CROSS IF SOMETHING HAS AN EMOTIONAL IMPACT :[L3]
"Occasionally I'll write about a film that has a real impact on me, but usually those references to media are kept separately. Unless I use them and they become part of a story." :[L3]

POSITIVE REACTION: TRACKING INTERACTION WITH FRIENDS OVER TIME :[L3]
I asked him about looking for trends in this kind of information related to personal development. He agreed that looking at information about interactions with friends over time would be something he would review (and currently may pay attention to with his own journal). The eating behaviors category was of interest to him. He doesn't feel he is overweight, but he ends up eating a lot because he has a high metabolism. He is health-conscious and does not eat many processed or refined foods -no sugar, caffeine, and very little alcohol. He prepares his own meals and snacks.

POSITIVE REACTION: POSTURE, DUE TO OLD INJURIES :[L3]
He believes he could use some help with posture, due to an old injury in his back, but believes he is in pretty good health.

NEUTRAL REACTION: OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXERCISE, ALREADY COMPENSATES FOR SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR BY SETTING ASIDE TIME EACH WEEK FOR VIGOROUS EXERCISE :[L3]
He spends a lot of time sedentary when he is writing, so he makes an effort to really get out and go hiking.

IDEA VARIABLE: WAITING TOO LONG TO EAT :[L3] IDEA VARIABLE: REGULARITY OF VIGOROUS EXERCISE :[L3]
I asked him to imagine what they might discover about him of which he may not have a good awareness. He thought they may discover that he sometimes waits too long to eat. He noted that it may be tough to recognize because he appears that he has a lot of energy and endurance even when he is needing to eat. They may notice that he slouches too much. They may discover that he doesn't get enough exercise, as sometimes he goes two weeks before getting vigorous exercise.

NEUTRAL REACTION: SOCIAL AWARENESS, ALREADY HAS GOOD RAPPORT :[L3] IDEA VARIABLE: GETTING ENOUGH SOCIAL INTERACTION :[L3] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: TIME SPENT ON SOLITARY WORK VERSUS SOCIAL INTERACTION :[L3]
He thinks of himself as a sensitive person who enjoys good rapport with people and thinks his friends and wife would agree. He thrives being around people "Even though I have a job and interests that are solitary a lot -if I get too much of that it's not a good thing -I need to balance, that's important for me. A detective might notice that I'm not getting the social that I need. I'm a new teacher, even though I'm 40, so there's a fair amount of extra work I need to do, and I'm writing a book, so there's a fair amount of work I need to do. So I need to balance that." : [L3] He was a Franciscan monk for years and believes that experience helped him develop listening and counseling skills. He also believes meditation helps him be aware of his surroundings and people.

POSITIVE REACTION: WORK HABITS :[L3] IDEA VARIABLE: SOCIAL VARIABILITY, TIME WITH DIFFERENT SETS OF PEOPLE (KIDS VERSUS ADULTS) :[L3] IDEA VARIABLE: TIME WITHOUT DISTRACTION :[L3]
He noted that in his work, balancing time with kids versus adults is important, as is finding settings where he can work without distraction.
I asked him if he would find a report like this valuable and what in particular he would want the report to focus on.

BENEFIT: HELP MODERATE SELF-CRITICAL FEELINGS :[L3]
He would like the report to include eating behaviors, work habits, and social interaction -the latter two particularly because he is a new teacher and feels he is overly self-critical right now.

CONCERN: IF INTENTIONS OR COMMITMENT ARE QUESTIONED (SOCIAL, WORK) :[L3]
I asked him if there were anything he wouldn't want to hear or learn, anything that would make him feel uncomfortable. He indicated that if the person questioned his intentions toward and commitment to helping people and making their lives better would bother him. [Place](0:23:00)

POSITIVE REACTION: ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN PLACE -MORE IMPORTANT IF LARGER HOUSE :[L3]
He found the activity patterns interesting and would like to see them over time. He believes he would be more interested if he was living in a house, as he and his wife are currently living in the smaller space of an apartment. He would like to see it over time.

IDEA INVESTIGATION: HOW MUCH TIME DO I SPEND ON THE COUCH WHEN I THIN K I'M REALLY WORKING :[L3]
"How much time do I spend on the couch when I think I'm really working, that would be useful." :[L3]

IDEA USE: EXAMINING ACTIVITY PATTERNS ON MONTHLY BASIS :[L3] IDEA USE: SPECIFIC AND AVERAGED ACTIVITY PATTERNS :[L3]
He thinks that he would look at it on a monthly basis, which he thinks would be long enough to make it into a consistent pattern. He would like to see both specific and average.
I asked him what we would see if we collected this data for the next month.
"I think after hours, after 4 o'clock, you'd see me in front of the computer, you'd see me up late. My wife would probably be spending more time reading on the couch and working at the desk, but not with the computer on." :[L3]

IDEA INVESTIGATION: MAINTAINING AN EATING SCHEDULE, WHAT WAS HE DOING WHEN HE DELAYED EATING OR SKIPPED EATING, WHEN CAN HE DO PREPARATION TO HAVE SNACKS AVAILABLE :[L3]
He doesn't take medication, but he is trying to eat on a more regular schedule. He thought that it would show him working on correcting papers when he should be getting something to eat. He noted that part of the problem was that he prepares his snacks, so the time required to do that is a deterrent for getting a snack when he needs one. He notes that he could eat something like cottage cheese, but organizing grocery trips and preparation of snacks is still an issue for his busy life. He's gone to the trouble of getting small containers for snacks.
"It could be useful -maybe more so in a larger home -but it's mostly about… I have a very work intensive eating habit. If I did TV-dinners, it would be pop-in microwave and turn-in microwave." :[L3]

BENEFIT: FOCUSING ON TAKING CARE OF YOURSELF (FOR PEOPLE WHO TRADITIONALLY ACT AS CAREGIVERS) :[L3]
"It's about taking care of myself when I'm used to taking care of other people." "It's about falling into old habits. I don't know if proximity would help that. If you were looking at larger patterns outside the home, that would be useful… it would be useful to see why didn't I eat at this day or that day, oh it's because I had a meeting at 4 o'clock. There are a lot of demands on my schedule… and I need to make sure I have food. Anything that would help with scheduling." : [L3] He is planning working with some friends who are software engineers to make a tool that could provide meal suggestions and grocery lists to meet particular nutrition goals, tailored to one's BMI. He likes the idea of having biometric information related to your performance on the diet fed back into the tool. Even though he doesn't like needles, he would be willing to sample his blood for this purpose.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: DIET AND HEART-RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE :[L3]
"At the end of the week, if I could measure heart rate, blood pressure, and… feed that back in..." :[L3]

IDEA USE: COLLECTED DATA COULD ALSO BE USED FOR NATIONAL STUDIES :[L3]
He goes on to imagine that the data collected could be supplied to a national database for researchers. "I use the prompts on my email to write, and I could use that moment to do this debriefing kind of thing. I need encouragements to do that, but those more readily come from in, and if I can't do that, I need minimal level of suggestion." :[L3] "These would be quite useful. I've tried to do that myself. I've tried to create a spreadsheet, it sounds silly, it's so easy to get so busy, it would be useful to have something that would show me a pattern of connection. Frequency, time, and quality of that, all those factors. Means of maintaining as well, is it better for phone, email, writing." : [L3] I asked him what he would discover about his time spent on social connections.

CONCERN: WOULD DISCOVER NOT SPENDING ENOUGH TIME (ON FAMILY CONNECTIONS) :[L3]
"There's not enough <laughs>. That I spend a lot of time with work and not enough time with family, with extended family, my mom or my siblings. None of them live here. It's not like we never talk, but I'm not in touch with my siblings nearly enough." :[L3]

IDEA USE: REWARDS OR PUNISHMENTS FOR NOT MEETING SOCIAL INTERACTION GOALS :[L3]
"You know what would be best? If I couldn't use my computer, unless I made a phone call or if my stove wouldn't work unless I made a phone call or my fridge wouldn't open unless I didn't make a phone call…. It sounds weird <laugh>, but it's like that sound your car alarm makes, when you open the fridge, it doesn't stop until you make that phone call. You may think that's crazy… but we need those kind of things. It could be humorous or use positive reinforcement -every time you call that person, you get a free chocolate bar <laughs>" : [L3] [Sorting] (0:45:30) doesn't drink alcohol very much doesn't drink coffee/tea doesn't feel old enough for grip strength would like night vision compared to other people doesn't have a pet, but would has trouble sleeping thinks he knows when he uses microwave, but may be wrong He wouldn't want him something following him around for the stories/jokes, telling him whether he is funny.

IDEA VARIABLE: PERSONALITY/LEARNING STYLE (E.G., MYERS BRIGGS) :[L3]
He would be interested in patterns such as those revealed on the Myers Briggs test. He things he would see a change in the way you answer those questions. He's taken the test before with respect to learning style and found it useful.

CONCERN: FOCUSING ON INTROSPECTIVE QUALITIES MAY MAKE THEM WORSE :[L3]
"The irony of some of those things that are introspective is that you get in your own way by having the device around, it almost makes it worse." : [L3] With respect to conversation turn-taking, he wouldn't want to live in a reality-TV type situation, but might find it interesting to be in a research study scenario.

CONCERN: BEING OBSERVED WILL AFFECT BEHAVIOR :[L3]
Based on his education in anthropology, he knows that being observed affects one's behavior.

CONCERN: EVEN VIDEO WON'T TELL YOU THE WHOLE STORY :[L3]
He's used videotaping as a tool in teaching and acknowledges its value and its limitations.
"The camera in some ways doesn't lie, but anything can only take as big a picture as the frame allows." :[L3]

CONCERN: OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS MAY NOT BE WILLING TO BE TRACKED :[L3]
He's not sure how his wife would respond to being tracked.

IDEA USE: NON-VIDEO TRACKING, PARTICULARLY TO PUT OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS AT EASE :[L3] IDEA VARIABLE: QUALITY OF TIME, AMOUNT OF DOWN-TIME, VEGGING :[L3]
He would feel more comfortable with non-video tracking, particularly with respect to other family members.
"I would want to track diet and exercise pretty regularly and also the quality of my time, like how often am I sitting on the couch just vegging, how often am I wasting time that I could do other things. It's hard because I have an intensive job with a long commute, and I need down-time, but it would be interesting to look at how much of it I have." : [L3] Resorts according to stress.

IDEA INVESTIGATION: UNDERSTANDING WHY WEEK WAS A STRESSFUL ONE :[L3] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: STRESS AND SNACKING, RELATING TO PEOPLE :[L3]
"If at the end of the week, and it was really stressful, I could look back and some of it would be obvious, like I spent 17 hours in traffic, but other things like how much I was snacking, if I was eating properly, how I was relating to people, that would be useful." : [L3] BENEFIT: UNDERSTANDING  "I think it would be both the degree of those things and things I'm not aware of." : [L3] "The walking, maybe monitoring, I might find the refrigerator one. I guess mine all would do with food and health. And the other I found useful was the TV remote one. [I would use it to] track the time I was wasting watching TV." :[L4]

NEGATIVE REACTION: TIME SPENT ON DAILY ACTIVITIES :[L4] CONCERN: HIGHLIGHTING WASTED TIME :[L4]
I asked her to imagine what it would be like to have several days of this information for the next week.
"Probably a lot of the time I waste. <laughs> That's probably why I don't want to see this." :[L4]

CONCERN: FEELING A NEED TO COMPETE AND SET UNREALISTIC GOALS :[L4]
"What would make me feel better if it was directing me to do things like exercise. I guess it would have a lot to do with your self-esteem. Sure if you put in a day of getting things done, you are going to feel really great about yourself. I could also see this thing, if it was a part of my life, could be very depressing. You could start trying to compete against this thing and feel like you're some kind of super-human. "I have both positive and negative thoughts about it. I think in some way it is helpful in that it makes you look at how much time you are spending watching TV and how much time you're spending outside. It could help monitoring your TV watching. I'm a little, I guess with all this… [the mood rating] that is too New World Orderish for me; I don't want that information out there. I would be concerned how this is using against me. I'd feel like I was being a science project." : [L4] I asked her if she was just writing this information in your journal if she would feel the same way. She asked whether the information would be in her TV and I responded that at a basic level, it could just be her recording it, or the time could be recorded in other ways that are not connected with her TV. "I guess I would think this over-analyzing. Take out the conspiracy theories, and we're just looking at it as my diary or my journal, I don't think that I'm going to write about how much time I spent in conversation with my spouse. My mood rating, mmm… that's probably something I would write in my diary." :[L4]

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: MOOD AND TIME SPENT EXERCISING, EATING (REFRIGERATOR OPENINGS) :[L4] POSITIVE REACTION: TIME SPENT WATCHING TV VERSUS TIME SPENT OUTSIDE :[L4]
I mentioned that this chart highlights how you can see relationships between variables, such as mood-rating. I asked her what she would like to see in relationship to her mood-rating, if she were to record it, and she said time spent exercising or eating -how many times her refrigerator opened.
"I would like to see how much time I spent watching TV versus how much time I spent outside." :[L4]

POSITIVE REACTION: TIME SPENT WATCHING TV AND ESTIMATE FOR TIME WATCHED [L4]
She also thought it would be helpful to compare the time spent watching TV to her estimate. "I think in one way this looks at myself and how I spend my time. My relationships -how many times I'm on the phone. To me, you have to further divide what kind of phone calls these are -work or personal. This would really prompt me to look at how I was spending my time over the week. It's two sides of the coin, either it's going to spark in me a change or lead me into depression. If you saw that you spent all your time inside, not doing anything, spending all your time on the Internet. I think that would definitely make you feel more depressed." :[L4]

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: SPOUSE TRAVEL SCHEDULE AND TIME SPENT ON COMPUTER :[L4]
I asked her what we would see of her pattern.

CONCERN: OBSESSED OVER TIME LOST RATHER THAN HELPING INITIATING A CHANGE (TIME SPENT INSIDE) :[L4]
I asked her if she saw several days of just spending time inside whether that would encourage her to make a change for the next day to balance things out. She indicated that she would just stay focused on the days spent inside.

NEUTRAL REACTION: WAKING AND SLEEP TIMES, STAY FAIRLY CONSTANT :[L4]
She wakes up at the same time each day and the time, which she goes to sleep only varies within a 2-hour block. Her husband is the same way. She does not therefore feel waking up/sleep time would be informative.

NEGATIVE REACTION: MEAL TIMES, TOO STRUCTURED :[L4] POSITIVE REACTION (MILD): MEAL TIMES, CURIOUS :[L4] CONCERN: FORCING STRUCTURE ON LIFE :[L4]
She was somewhat concerned that seeing the meal times would give her a sense that her life had to be too structured. She did think, however, that it might be interesting, but not particularly valuable.
"Depending on how it was presented, it might be interesting to see oh, here I am eating dinner at 6pm, on time. I would just be curious." : [L4] [Commitments] (0:29:45) IDEA USE: LARGER TIME SCALE MAKES LESS TENSE (COMMITMENTS) POSITIVE REACTION: COMMITMENTS ON YEAR TIME SCALE She liked the commitments example, particularly the yearly chart. "I think yearly versus daily makes me less tense." "I could see it as a positive way to make me start doing [the things I postpone]." : [L4] She initially thought the place-based commitment was strange, but with some thought, changed her mind.
"It allows me to keep it in the forefront of my mind. She would want the information even if it were disconcerting.

NEUTRAL REACTION: PROJECT SNAPSHOTS, DOESN'T NEED SENSE OF PROGRESS, DOESN'T THINK OF AS GETTING BETTER AT :[L4] IDEA VARIABLE: PROJECT PRODUCTIVITY (WRITING PAGES) :[L4]
Her personal projects concern doing research on the Internet. She does not feel she needs a sense of progress, unless she was working on a book. In that case, she would like to see how much she had written. In general, she would want to track productivity against a goal. She did not think of her project in terms of "getting better at doing it." She feels she knows her subject better but does not need a representation of it.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: PILATES WORK WITH WAISTLINE :[L4] POSITIVE REACTION (MILD): TRAINER'S COMMENTS :[L4]
She would like to see how she is improving at her Pilates, defined in terms of inches lost. She works with a trainer and could imagine that she might keep comments that her trainer makes at sessions. She does keep a chart for strength training. It hasn't just steadily improved; she has seen dips in her performance.
"Usually there would be a dip, then there would be progress." "It would be great to show, to use as an example if I didn't think certain things were getting done. Show my kids that they could use their time more wisely." :[L4]

CONCERN: KIDS WOULDN'T WANT INFORMATION -TEENANGERS MIGHT BECOME DEFIANT, ONLY OF INTEREST TO CHILD IF CONNECTED WITH REWARD :[L4]
She admitted that they her kids wouldn't like that information, however. She thought that it would make her teenager more defiant, but thought it could be helpful for her 6-year old, if rewards were integrated. She thought he would find it rewarding to see that he is meeting a goal, but could better understand how it impacted his allowance. She liked the information about when she read and when the reading was with a parent. She thought it would be important for reading with her children, but not for her husband and herself.

CONCERN: TAKING OVER FOR PEOPLE THINKING (IDENTIFY SHARED THEMES AND NEW WORDS) [L4]
As far as the shared themes and new words, she thought it was too extreme.
"That's just too nutty for me, I'm sorry. It's just too much, taking too much away from people thinking. No, I don't like that." :[L4]

NEUTRAL REACTION: EATING TOGETHER, ALWAYS EAT TOGETHER :[L4]
They always eat together so monitoring that is not an issue. She thought that her family could use the group activity levels. She would like to monitor her kids' activity levels, but would be less interested in her husband's.
"Group activity levels -I could see this stuff happening if okay, everyone in the family needs to lose some weight or get outside more, so for the next few weeks we're going to track our activity, but I don't know if I want this to become part of my everyday life I asked her if she was planning on doing an organizing project this Thursday and was able to look back on aspects of days when she had been successful in the past, would she be able to see things that would help her prepare for Thursday in a way that would better guarantee that she complete her task. "The time I get up, that I first exercise in the morning, that I don't turn on the computer, that I immediately get my shower and get my morning chores out of the way, and that I don't have anything else going on." : [L4] She agreed that there might be other things that affect her success that she might not be aware of and that doing tracking for that reason would be helpful. She can be gullible, but is not sure how gullibility would be tracked.
She is anticipating menopause and feels that hormone levels/cycles tracking would be important.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: TIME SPENT WATCHING TV AND TIME SPENT USING COMPUTER VERSUS TIME SPENT WITH CHILDREN AND TIME SPENT DOING THINGS FOR SELF (READING) :[L4]
She would like to understand how much time she is spending watching TV and using the computer, because she feels it affects how much time she spend with her children and doing things for herself, like reading.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: IMPULSIVENESS AND SPENDING :[L4]
"Yeah [to impulsiveness], I'd like to track how many times I go outside and buy something." : [L4] "As they get older, I'd like to know more about what's going on with them [ her pets]" She is interested in her hearing perception as she gets older.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: PILATES AND POSTURE :[L4]
She's working on her posture with pilates.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: REFRIGERATOR OPENING/CLOSING AND WEIGHT AND ELECTRICITY USE :[L4]
She saw that refrigerator opening/closing could give her information about watching weight and watching electricity.
She feels that she came from a generation that consistently burned themselves, so she is interested in skin changes for tracking possible skin cancer. "Spouse's mood I think is just too subjective. It strikes me just as too invasive."

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: SPORTS PERFORMANCE AND SLEEP :[L4]
She thought that if she got more serious about racing, she would want to track time at which she went to sleep.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: TIME SPENT COOKING AND FREQUENCY OF EATING OUT :[L4]
She would like to see time spent cooking in relation to eating out.
"Personal relationships and stuff, I don't think it's necessary to keep track of that." :[L4]

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: TRIPS TO GROCERY AND SPENDING AND TIME USE :[L4]
She relates trips to grocery to money spending and time use.
"I think in most instances we know if we are spending too much time, but I would like to know." :[L4]

IDEA USE: IDENTIFYING PRODUCTIVE VARIATIONS FROM ROUTINE :[L4]
"Variation from routine. Yeah I would like to know that… if I went away from my routine and was more productive or less productive. If I was more productive, then there might be something in my variation that I need to apply." : [L4] She thinks of use of space as organization.

PROCEDURE: RESORT ON FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS, ADDS CARDS OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS SHOULD TRACK :[L4]
She was thinking about all members of the family, and that's why she added awareness of time. Chores and getting things done

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: TIME SPENT WITH FRIENDS VERSUS TIME SPENT WITH FAMILY (TEEN DAUGHTER) :[L4]
With her daughter, she thought it would be helpful to contrast time spent with friends versus time spent with family. "I think everyone has in the back of their mind, a bell that goes off, they know when they're spending too much time doing something. You've been watching too much TV, slacking for the last few days because I'm in a mood, because something is bothering me. I think they already know that." :[L4]

CONCERN: MAY BECOME OVER DEPENDENT ON TRACKING AND RISK AFFECTING MENTAL ABILITIES :[L4]
She is concerned that if we do not use our memory and rely too much on technology, we are more at risk of losing mental ability.

IDEA USE: TOOLS THAT TRIGGER MENTAL ANALYSIS (PEDOMETER) :[L4]
She uses the pedometer value to trigger her to re-analyze her running.
"I'm using it more as a gauge, not as a science." :[L4]

CONCERN: REINFORCING IDEA THAT NOT LIVING UP TO WHAT YOU'RE SUPPOSED TO BE :[L4]
"The two points I would point out is that it causes undue stress, we already live in a stressful society and seeing how our performance is, it's almost like we're not living up to what we're supposed to be, so it put stress to perform a certain way; and it's putting more reliance on technology and less on ourselves. So those are my two negative comments." : [L4] She thinks the benefits of tracking depend on personality type and imagines that there are some people who would want to do it.
"Maybe I'm just not a Type A personality." :[L4]

CONCERN: TRYING TO DO IT YOURSELF WHEN YOU SHOULD BE SEEKING OUTSIDE HELP FROM A TRAINED PROFESSIONAL (THERAPIST) -VARIABLES RELATED TO FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS :[L4]
"I could see the benefit to family relationships. If you are going through a really hard family time and you need to look at some of these things -but maybe you should be going to a therapist instead of handling it yourself." : [L4]  • Keeps a journal with both subjective and objective information • Sees tracking as a way of recognizing accumulation of incremental changes and shifts in pattern -particularly with regard to how approach problems or issues • Reacted with concern about the Mirror example, noting that it could make people self-critical or obsessed with the past Work: TV producer and preschool teacher Technologies: Uses a cell phone, but does not own a digital camera or PDA Tracking devices: Does not use a scale, pedometer, glucose monitor, or heart rate monitor.

CURRENTLY MONITOR: CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF EVENTS AND EMOTIONAL REACTION :[L5]
She keeps a journal, which includes both a chronological record of events and her emotional reactions to those events.
"It's a mixture of personal experiences and a record keeping of what has happened. We went on vacation and kept a journal where we were emotionally narrating, but also chronologically narrating what we did on the trip. So we would be able to remember it, but also what it felt like to be walking on the lava of the big island of Hawaii…" : [L5] She uses her non-digital camera a lot and her boyfriend has a digital camera.
"Photographs are probably the most consistent way I document what's going on in my life, and making lists, that's more sort of preparation and reminding sort of stuff, might be work related, might be personal, might be exercise." :[L5]

CURRENTLY TRACKING: JOB SEARCH EFFORTS AND OUTCOMES :[L5]
She doesn't look back on her list unless she's trying to motivate herself, in which case she keeps them in her journal. When she's looking for a job, for example, she notes who she contacted and the people to whom they refer her. "I would add a category called daily activities, which would just be the chronological accounting of just what happened that day, as opposed to be places visited or people encountered, but it would be like, got up, medicated, worked with so and so, went to work and did x -then that in conjunction with memorable moments would be all I would want to keep track of. 'Cause I think if I had a particularly memorable meal, it would go in memorable moments, but for me snacking or food consumption wouldn't be something I would want to keep track of, unless it was a memorable meal." :[L5]

IDEA VARIABLE: MEMORABLE MEALS :[L5]
A memorable meal could be something enjoyable or horrible ("oh my god, remember that meal?").
For a while she kept a journal that adhered to this structure, with a chronological record of the day and a journal that served as an emotional companion, "I was thinking this, I was feeling this, I remember this, it triggered this." She reviewed the journal and would look for patterns.

BENEFIT: IDENTIFYING PATTERNS AND SHIFTS IN PATTERNS (APPRECIATING INCREMENTAL CHANGE) :[L5] BENEFIT: PUTTING CURRENT CHALLENGES IN PERSPECTIVE :[L5]
"The value of keeping it for me is being able to go back over it to both identify patterns and to be able to notice shift in patterns, because I think the problem with incremental change is that when you're in it, it's really hard to observe it. If you are keeping track of it, you can go, oh you know what, 6 months ago I would have done x if I was confronted with that situation, now I notice that I did y, so I am changing, slowly but surely. Without that documentation, it's really hard not to get caught up in your own experience of the moment and to think, oh my god I never change and it's horrible." :[L5] "It would probably make me all feel uncomfortable <laughs> There's nothing like someone giving you unbiased information about yourself to make you feel uncomfortable. That's the essence of our own illusions… but I think it would be really useful. I wouldn't want it to go on all the time, every now and then a little update would be useful. Sure it would be fascinating." :[L5]

CONCERN: TRUST SOURCE OF OBSERVATIONS, KNOW BIASES AND PERSPECTIVES (SNOOP) :[L5]
"I would have to know and trust the source though, because so much of what is being observed is subjective rather than objective. I would want to know the biases and the objectives of the person who was observing so I could have a framework for their comments. Some LA workout group is looking at my life, they are going to look at it differently than some Buddhist yoga instructor, who is going to look at differently from some overweight couch potato. How they are going to see my opportunities for exercise, my work habits, or my social awareness, they are going to be framed by their standards. I'd like to know who it was observing and what they were bringing to it." : [L5] "Good eye contact. I've done a lot of work with Native American kids, as a preschool teacher, and in their culture, you don't make eye contact with elders. "If I was to say to them, hey I'm hiring you, you know whoever, I'm hiring you, [L18], and here are my objectives for the week, and if you could tell me the ways in which I am achieving them and ways in which I am not, that would be very useful. If they were my ally and they were trying to keep me to my standards that would be great. I could say you know, I really want to work on my eye contact… or like the you didn't pick up Julie's nervousness… I could say, sometimes I'm worried that I am oblivious to my coworkers, so if you notice I want to know about that. I could say, oh I know Julie and she always wigs out and it's best to ignore her, otherwise we'll spend an hour talking about her nervousness when we should really be getting going on it. But it could be that oh, I never noticed that, I noticed that she's being quiet, but I didn't think to ask how are you doing, Julie." : [L5] For some week in the near future, a sample objective would be. "Well like if I want to be more disciplined about keeping track of my finances -I notice the whole finances piece is kind of missing from what you're, well we haven't talked about it -that's a big issue as far as discipline goes. If I want to keep track of my finances, that would be useful, it would fun to have someone say, hey [L5], you've missed these opportunities to be more disciplined, either to keep track of or to report back on, or that kind of thing. Finances would be one piece." :[L5]

POSITIVE REACTION: OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXERCISE :[L5]
"I also think the opportunities for exercise is always a good one, because it's fun to go, oh yeah I guess I could have walked, I didn't have to drive today." : "That's when it gets really personal. For me it would be related to some of the goals I'm setting for myself and how am I achieving, so for me right now it would tend to be work related and personal exploration related, because that's what I'm working on, how do I integrate these two aspects of my work into some work. How do you integrate working with kids with TV production, without making you know, Teletubbies." :[L5]

IDEA VARIABLE: WAYS YOU PROCRASTINATE, MISSED OPPORTUNITIES TO DO WHAT'S IMPORTANT TO YOU :[L5]
"I'm really curious about the ways I avoid things I don't want to do. I'm curious about the ways I procrastinate. I'm obviously really good at it <laughs>, because I can fool myself there's nothing else I to do but procrastinate, when it's been three days since I've done something I didn't want to do. I suspect someone else looking at me, and my boyfriend sometimes does, could say you know, [L5], there were these 10 points when you could have done that thing you say you are dying to do but just can't find time to do. That would be useful." :[L5] "For example, you don't have it on here specifically, if you were charting dinner, dinner at home versus dinner at restaurant -you could look at this and go Friday was dinner out because dinner is the middle of them both being out. Same with Saturday. It would be interesting to chart that in terms of, so when my spouse, in terms of this picture, is out until 10 minutes before dinner, that's when we eat take out food, but when we're both home an hour beforehand, that's when we make dinner… and like on Tuesday, when I rush in, but my spouse has been home, then that's when he takes the time to make a really good dinner. It's sort of like, in terms of efficiency, how much are we ordering pizza, how much are we ordering take-out, how much when we do eat out, that's sort of stuff. It would be cool to -the pattern thing, I like being able to look at this and go, oh no wonder I'm so grumpy on Tuesday nights, first of all I don't get home until 6:30 and second of all, Jim's always home and dinner's never ready. Every Tuesday this happens and I know he's been home all day because he only has one class until two. Being able to see patterns is kind of cool. " :[L5] "This is the something that I would say I want to track, but I suspect I really wouldn't. This is where the fine line between what I know I'm supposed to say and what I know is true about me would kick in. I know I should want to track how much I procrastinate, because that would help end the problem, wouldn't it. If I had to stare at this and say, oh my god [L5], you have procrastinated to do your finances 17 times in the last 10 days. But the truth is -would I really do it, if it was mine and at my house, probably for the first month I would, and then I would get really discouraged. Having to face my own postponements would get discouraging. I'd rather get a list of what I've accomplished <laughs> and kind of go, woo-hoo, I did 10 things on my list, now I need to get the motivation to do the other 4. For me, looking at what I have done helps me to find the motivation to tackle something hard." :[L5]

IDEA USE: SUPPORT GROUP FOR COMMITMENTS :[L5]
She used to be part of a friendship support group that helped her follow through with personal commitments. The commitments could concern work projects, financial goals, or family relationships.
"One of the useful things I have done recently is to create a friendship group that is related to making commitments to each other, and I don't have it now, this is a couple of years back, where we would get together every two weeks and literally make a commitment to the group about one thing we would accomplish in the next two weeks. And that was really useful." :[L5] [Mirror] (0:38:00) -participant chosen She thought that the timing values related to bathroom activities were amusing and very MIT. She agreed that the time to get information about your recent flossing activity was at the time when you were next brushing your teeth and after correcting the brushing teeth time goal (it should be closer to 2 minutes), recognized it as an incremental goal. "This is very cool. I love the flossing record thing, that would be handy, because I would floss more if I got a little nudge. Maybe you could have your floss so it would track every time you took the floss out of the container. This is interesting because this is objective. This is interesting because it's just useful information for me to have. Quantitative not qualitative, this is just reporting back to me. It's saying okay [L5], it's been two days since you last flossed, what's up, and then it's up to me. It's not saying, you've done a great job flossing or a bad job flossing. It's different from that thing that is following me around. This is more just data that I can do with what I want to." :[L5]

NEGATIVE REACTION: REFLECTION :[L5] CONCERN: PRESSURE TO STAY YOUNG (REFLECTION) :[L5]
She had concerns about the mental health implications of seeing a reflection of yourself in the past.
"For me, this would be a little alarming <laughs>. I'm not madly in love with the whole reflection, I don't spend a lot of time looking in the mirror or thinking about what I should wear. I could see how it would be a source for a lot of negative messages for how we look. That's not necessarily a reason not to do it, but I think we, particularly as women get a lot of pressure to look younger, even as biologically the exact opposite is happening, and to be reminded in the morning what I looked like a year ago -you know what, I looked younger. I think that we as a culture have a complicated enough relationship with our mirrors, that this one raises some flags for me. "So let's say you had the perfect good hair day, and that's what you have a picture for, how much time do you want to spending trying to get your hair to look perfect again? That was a great day, and wahoo you should enjoy it, but now that you have a zit because you are PMSing -you wake up in the morning and you see the perfect hair day and then you see the zit for this morning and suddenly what happens to your confidence for that meeting. She commented on some of the awkward aspects of displaying information, such as the activities from the previous day or the people encountered/will encounter, on a bathroom mirror.
"I know for people who wear contact lens, they'll spend a lot of time squinting at the mirror, because they don't have their contact lens in. It also tends to get foggy… In terms of a place to disperse information -you might as well put a ticker thing, you know a stock ticker thing, like a little billboard in the shower. <laughs> I'm joking sort of, but when you think of places where you're standing with not much else to think about, for me the shower ranks a little higher than -usually when I'm in front of the mirror, I'm going through the routine, brush my teeth, check my hair, blah, blah, blah, I'm not really needing to stop and read anything right then. The flossing thing was nice because it was a quick graphic thing -alright, fine, I'll floss. In the shower or on the toilet, there are more opportunities for me looking for reading material, than when I'm front of the mirror. I'd rather have this in my kitchen table, this would be great to read when I'm eating breakfast. On a table or on a tablet that I carry with me, so I could glance at this and kind of make my plans for the day." : [L5] She agreed that mornings are the time she would want to review this information.
[Sorting] (0:51:00) "Socially, you may not realize, but you're going for a job interview and you don't make good eye contact and you don't have a good command of the language and you fall into patterns of language use. People who know you, love you, and they accept it. I know one person who always finishes people sentences, always, and I don't think he's aware of it. She has used a little a notebook, but it was too hard to put in a database for sorting and analyzing.
She agreed with the grocery spending example, but wanted to go beyond groceries (e.g. shoes at Bloomingdales, magazines). She uses "Carrie Bradshaw" as an example of someone who spent a lot on shoes that could have been used for a down-payment. She doesn't think she would use it that much, but it could be helpful at the right time.
"Maybe there would be some things you'd always monitor, your weight or your blood pressure, or something. Then like, if you are fatigued for some reason -gee, while I am so tired -then you might decide to keep track of this for a while and see if anything shows up. You may discover something." :[L6]

IDEA USE: SOME THINGS YOU WOULD ALWAYS MONITOR, SOME THINGS MONITOR ONLY WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS OR HAVE QUESTION :[L6] IDEA VARIABLE: WEIGHT, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND CHOLESTEROL :[L6]
She could imagine always tracking weight, blood pressure, and perhaps cholesterol if it could be easily done. She would like to track exercise, such as how much she is running.

CONCERN: TOO MUCH DETAIL :[L6] CONCERN: NEED ABILITY TO AMEND BECAUSE AUTOMATED OBSERVATION NEVER 100% RELIABLE :[L6]
She felt that the daily events (time of meals) were too much detail and would be too time consuming to record.
"The more automated, the better, with the ability to amend, because automated things are never 100% reliable." :[L6]

NEUTRAL REACTION: COMMITMENTS :[L6]
She wouldn't use the commitments-tracking, but likes the idea of having all of these available.
"This could be like a problem solving tool, like a little therapist that is helping you investigate something in your life." :[L6]

CONCERN: PEOPLE WHO AREN'T READY TO CHANGE/DON'T WANT TO CHANGE WON'T BENEFIT :[L6]
"I'm a very data-oriented person, very organized, methodical person. I gravitate to this kind of thing. I think a lot of people aren't discipline enough. They don't really want to change. They don't want to get better. They like sitting on the couch and drinking Coke and watching TV. But if they are really determined to change, having good information is important." :[L6] When asked if she has something that she resists changing, she couldn't think of anything. She wants to get better at things she already does. Is she getting enough variety in what she eats, does she effectively replenish after a run, is she getting enough sleep -but it's not "mission critical." [Voicemail] (0:36:00) I suggested the voicemail example.

BENEFIT: PEACE OF MIND ABOUT AGING PARENTS :[L6] POSITIVE REACTION: MONITORING CHANGES IN AGING PARENTS :[L6]
She liked the idea of monitoring changes in her aging parents' health, particularly things they may not be aware of or tell her on their own, particularly if one of them died.

IDEA VARIABLE: PARENTS NOT GETTING OUT OF BED :[L6]
"If one of them stayed in bed for four days, without a good reason… it would be useful to have an objective system to monitor their health." :[L6]

IDEA VARIABLE: PARENTS' MOOD :[L6] IDEA VARIABLE: WHETHER PARENTS HAVE TAKEN MEDICATION :[L6]
She would like to track her parents' mood.
"A daily report would be awesome. Knowing that the medication was logged in. If I could call them, hey mom, I don't think you took your medication?" :[L6]

BENEFIT: SUPPORTING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN FAMILY MEMBERS :[L6] IDEA USE: IF DEPRESSED, HAVING FAMILY MEMBERS KNOW ABOUT MOOD SWINGS MIGHT HELP COMMUNICATION :[L6]
She feels she's an open book and that there is nothing she is worried about health-wise or moodwise, but if she was depressed, she might want family members to know when she was going through mood swings for communication.
She doesn't think it would be awkward to have a conversation with her parents about things that are monitored. "Recently I've had occasion to go back and read email from decades ago, and that was pretty interesting. I gained a lot of insights into who I was and how I've changed and how I got here…. I had reasons for doing it. I had to deal with someone's perceptions of me that had become my perceptions, but then there was some facts that came out of discussions with this person that just didn't jive with what I remembered. This is pretty important, I bet I told someone about this, and the only record I have is email that I sent to friends -and I looked back and said, well yeah, the way I remembered it was pretty much how it happened. I learned a lot doing that and it helped straighten my head out

IDEA USE: KEEP TRACK OF WHETHER CHECKED OUT ARTICLES THAT HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED BY FRIENDS/COLLEAGUES :[L7]
Only looks at news articles if someone points him to it -would like to remember that he checked it out.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: EMAIL AND PHYSICAL LOCATION WHEN WRITTEN :[L7]
Would like to have some context to email (where was I when I wrote this?) "One thing I noticed from my email and my journal is that there is not a lot of mention from where I am. I came across one email that didn't make a lot of sense to me until I realized I did it in Mexico Has found it useful when boss or co-worker has taken an interest and given feedback on work habits; is sure would find social awareness interesting, but afraid it would turn him into a "nervous wreck" "I don't think I need anymore self-consciousness. I think I have more than enough of that." :[L7]

NEUTRAL REACTION: EATING BEHAVIORS :[L7] NEUTRAL REACTION: EXERCISE :[L7]
Not concerned about eating, posture, exercise. Thinks daily rhythm would be interesting, not sure what it would tell, but believes something would come out of it. When he looked back on his email, he had the experience of finding things he didn't expect and wasn't looking for.

INVESTIGATION: EXPLORING PATTERNS WITHOUT A GOAL IN MIND :[L7] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: MOOD AND SLEEP PATTERNS :[L7] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: TIME SPENT WITH PEOPLE AND MOOD/OUTLOOK :[L7]
"I think I might discover something. For instance, it would be interesting to see, for example, maybe correlate this with the journal to see how sleep patterns affect your overall mood or the degree of, amount of time you spend with other people affects your outlook." :[L7]

IDEA VARIABLE: REGULARITY OF HABITS :[L7]
"Just to see how regular one's habits are or not." :[L7]

POSITIVE REACTION: DAILY RHYTHMS COMPARED WITH A FAMILY MEMBER'S :[L7]
Would definitely want to see his one pattern in relation to other people's patterns ("oh yeah, oh yeah. When you added that overlay it suddenly got a lot more interesting.") "I already tend to do this. I don't have a PDA, but my phone has PDA functions and I do fill up my phone once a year and I dump calendar data to Outlook. That's always been interesting, how much time I spend on various things, how recurring items come up, and they almost have to do with paperwork, financial filings, mailing proxies, talking to my advisor -they are on my schedule and they tend to get postponed, for weeks at a time before I actually fulfill them." :[L7]

CONCERN: DOESN'T GUARANTEE CHANGE IN BEHAVIOR :[L7]
He indicates that it should change the way he approaches his financial tasks, but it doesn't. He schedules social commitments, but did think of one kind of commitment that he doesn't explicitly schedule.

IDEA VARIABLE: THINGS THAT YOU DO FOR YOURSELF :[L7]
"Things that I'm going to do for myself fall by the wayside, because I don't schedule them. That was actually my new year's resolution to schedule more things for myself, to give myself the same, or at least some weight, less than my sons or my work, but someit's another new year's resolution I haven't followed up on." :[L7] [Years] (0:08:44)

POSITIVE REACTION: CABINET ACCESSES FOR INVESTIGATING EFFICIENCY OF SPACE :[L7]
He has been thinking about the efficiency of kitchen -might like some time-motion in kitchen.

POSITIVE REACTION: SHORT-TERM MEMORY :[L7] CONCERN: TIME REQUIRED TO TRACK :[L7]
He reacts to the short-term memory examples. "I think it would be interesting to have some record of the time I spent working, or the time I spend driving, which has always been a goal of mine to minimize." :[L7]

BENEFIT: DETERMINING WHEN A CHANGE (WEIGHT, BLOOD PRESSURE, TEETH) STARTS OCCURRING :[L7] BENEFIT: UNDERSTAND NATURE OF CHANGE, DETERMINING GRADUAL CHANGE VERSUS SUDDEN CHANGE :[L7] IDEA VARIABLE: TEETH :[L7]
Sudden change over years (0:11:28) -He mentions "health things" such as weight, blood pressure, the state of his molars -thing he doesn't pay attention to until he goes to the doctor and they say, did you notice? ("last time you weighed 30 more pounds -could be bad, could be nothing.") He believes it would be helpful to know when the change happened -whether it was gradual or just happened in the last three months. He never felt a need to have a scale. They don't believe that. They don't believe those two times have anything to do with each other. I have actually kept track for weeks at a time, but it doesn't convince them. The real problem with families trying to deal with issues of schedules and commitments to each other in the household is not really, I'm not sure it could be addressed technologically. It's not a matter of fact, it's a matter of interpretation. So everyone will find the facts to support their interpretation of what's happening and the more facts you gather, the more it tends to just cement the positions of the people. That's been my experience." :[L7]

CONCERN: FINDING TIME TO REVIEW INFORMATION AS A FAMILY :[L7]
"The other real problem is getting the time together to do this, just to talk about it, especially as the kids get older and don't want to sit a the dinner table. There's no time to set aside and say this is important." :[L7]

NEUTRAL REACTION: WATER CONSERVATION -NO PERCEIVED NEED :[L7] IDEA VARIABLE: ATTENTION GIVE TO OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS :[L7]
The participant could imagine a discussion about water conservation in the future, but not now.
"The only really scarce resource is attention. There is a limited amount of attention that you can demand of yourself and others. That you can spend on others. I don't know how you would track or ration that." :[L7]

CONCERN: NON-ACTIONABLE, CAN'T DO ANYTHING ABOUT IT (EATING TOGETHER) :[L7]
He indicated that his family doesn't have any time to eat together, so it's not useful to track.
"It seems like there should be something you could do about it, but knowing that it's not happening doesn't help much. Or I just couldn't see it helping." :[L7]

CONCERN: BALANCE BETWEEN PLANNING AND SPONTANEITY :[L7]
I suggested that perhaps "opportunities" for sharing time together or attention "You spend more time arguing about something than it would take to do it. Similarly, you spend a lot of time planning for things you'll never do, rather than doing things that you would do. There's this real tension, in family life as I've lived it and with my friends, as they've lived it, between planning and spontaneity. Because there are lots of things that you can only do or would only do if you plan them, but there are a lot of opportunities to do things that you miss, because you're planning or you're carrying out something that you planned to do, and you tend to pass up other opportunities. So, again I don't know, I haven't really thought about this. I don't know what you would do to get some insights into that." :[L7]

NEGATIVE REACTION: NO USE FOR INFORMATION (CORRESPONDENCE WITH FRIENDS/FAMILY) :[L7]
"I think this, to some extent is, this gets monitored in passing, or recorded in passing. I kind of know what I'm doing, and I know what the kids are doing, because they are still at that age, because they're not doing it unless you're planning it for them or with them. "I have often wondered, how often the refrigerator gets opened without anything going in or coming out of it, but that's just <laughs>, my own curiosity. I just notice, occasionally I'll find someone standing in front of the refrigerator looking in there <laughs>." :[L7]

NEGATIVE REACTION: ACTIVITY SEQUENCES IN SPACE :[L7] CONCERN: WOULD RATHER HAVE EXPERT EVALUATE DATA (HOME DESIGN) :[L7] CONCERN: ALREADY KNOW (ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN SPACE) :[L7]
Although he mentioned it earlier as something of interest for home design, he would rather have an expert interpret the data. He feels like he knows enough about it.
"I have the impression that I know how the house is used and I don't think I would learn anything from knowing in more detail about its used." : [L7] "You know where you are cleaning, so you know that during the week there's a lot more activity at the front door, and on the weekend, at the back door." :[L7]

IDEA VARIABLE: WINE PREFERENCES :[L7]
He interpreted alcohol drinking as "wine preferences" She keeps a sheet of financial assets and liabilities and her checkbook.

CURRENTLY MONITORING: INTENSE TIMES IN LIFE (DIVORCE, PREGNANCY) :[L8]
Used to keep a journal off and on, but right now she isn't keeping one. She would record thoughts, actions, stuff that was going on in her life and of the people around her that affected her. She kept it during her divorce. She also kept journals during her pregnancies. She identified places visited, people encountered, and memorable moments as the types of information she would record in a journal if she were disciplined. The other stuff is not a "big deal" to her.

NEUTRAL REACTION: SNACKING (NOT OBSESSED WITH HEALTH) :[L8] NEUTRAL REACTION: WATER DRINKING (NOT OBSESSED WITH HEALTH) :[L8]
"As I've gotten older in life, it's more the experiences that are important to me than like snacking and water drinking -I'm health aware, but I'm not obsessed. To me, I feel healthy so I don't feel a need to track them." : [L8] She was thinking of the places visited with respect to travel locations, not mundane stops. She would list that she went to a festival or found a new trail to hike.
"If I had interaction with someone that was meaningful, if something was going on in their lives that touched me or affected me, I would probably list it." :[L8]

NEUTRAL REACTION: MEDIA (ONLY INTERESTED IN PERSONAL VARIABLES) :[L8]
Aside from big events like September 11 th , media wasn't important to her. She wanted the journal to be about events in her life and in her family's life.

POSITIVE REACTION: EATING BEHAVIORS :[L8] BENEFIT: SEEING HOW LIFESTYLE REQUIREMENTS AFFECT ROUTINES (EATING) :[L8] IDEA INVESTIGATION: HOW EATING ROUTINES HAVE CHANGED WITH CHANGES TO HOUSEHOLD :[L8]
"Eating behaviors would be interesting, because now that I'm living alone, I think my eating habits have changed, and I would be curious with probably what someone else might observe about them. I'm not disciplined -when you have a family, you all sit down together and you have a prepared meal -I've found myself often standing at the counter eating a bowl of cereal for dinner." :[L8]

NEUTRAL REACTION: POSTURE (FEEL HEALTHY ALREADY) :[L8] NEUTRAL REACTION: EXERCISE (FEEL HEALTHY ALREADY) :[L8]
The health things -posture and exercise -weren't very interesting to her because personally she feels healthy. She starts to tell me that she has an exercise regimen that she feels comfortable with, but then notes that she'll be talking with a trainer next week, so she will be getting an outside opinion on it.

POSITIVE REACTION (STRONG): SOCIAL AWARENESS :[L8]
"I'd be really interested in social awareness, because I've always felt very social and I'd be curious about their observation." :[L8] I asked her whether she would have them look for specific things and she said she would prefer observations without her guidelines.

NEUTRAL REACTION: WORK HABITS (ALREADY HAVE STRONG WORK ETHIC) :[L8]
She feels she has a strong work ethic. She chose family because her family arrangement has changed so much in the past few years. One of her daughters is moving home in the coming week. She noted that many of these examples don't apply very well because her daughter is grown. They both will have their own schedules and won't be eating together.

POSITIVE REACTION: CORRESPONDENCE WITH FAMILY, MEDIUM :[L8]
She regularly corresponds with family and believes that would be interesting to track. She finds herself using email a lot and can't remember the last time she wrote a letter. It would be interesting to her to see the medium of correspondence.
[Social](0:15:05) -participant choice She was thinking of something else when she saw the social example and said that she wasn't sure that what was shown would be of interest to her.

NEUTRAL REACTION: TIME SPENT ON PHONE WITH FRIENDS AND FAMILY :[L8]
"Interaction with other people. I'm in a lot more social situations because I'm divorced now… that's how you get out there. To me, social is a little different connotation, it's being out there with people, striking up conversations in a café or standing in line. I go out dancing quite a bit." :[L8]

IDEA VARIABLE: EFFORTS TO MEET NEW PEOPLE :[L8]
She would like to track information on her efforts to meet new people.
"For me it would be interesting in how many -I try to expose myself to new people, so like if I go into an elevator, I at least say something to the person, like great August. I like people and you never know who you are going to meet. So to me that was what I was thinking." :[L8] [Weight](0:18:23) -participant choice She thought that the weight example would be fun. "That would be kind of interesting for me. Actually, my weight doesn't vary much, but I'm real active and some days I feel better than others. I don't know if I look better or not, but you're right some days I feel are good days and some days I feel are bad days. Sometimes it has to do with stepping on the scale and sometimes it has to do with my hair not looking the way I want it to." :[L8]

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: EXERCISE AND ENERGY LEVELS, HOW WELL CLOTHES FIT :[L8] BENEFIT: ALTERNATIVE WAYS TO MEASURE PROGRESS WHEN ONE VARIABLE (WEIGHT) DOESN'T CHANGE :[L8]
She's going to a personal trainer so that she will guide her to where she wants to be. She will judge progress by energy level and how her clothes fit. She's noticed that when she works out a lot, she may not lose weight but her clothes fit differently.

POSITIVE REACTION: ACHES AND PAIN (CARPEL TUNNEL, SHOULDER PAIN) :[L8]
She would like to start tracking pain especially as she gets older. She doesn't get headaches, but she has had carpal tunnel syndrome in the past and pain in her shoulder. She went to a physical therapist for her shoulder.
She believes she usually she has a good sense of the cause of the pain or discomfort, such as when she experienced back ache a few weeks ago after gardening.

POSITIVE REACTION: ACTIVITY, WHEN WORKING WITH TRAINER :[L8]
She thought her trainer would keep her log of what activity she gets and she might start doing that.

NEUTRAL REACTION: WRINKLES -PLANNING TO GROW OLD GRACEFULLY :[L8] IDEA VARIABLE: BRUISING -HOW MANY AND HEALING TIME :[L8]
She plans to grow old gracefully, so she won't worry about the wrinkles. Her mother has a history of bruising easy and not healing quickly from the bruises. She hasn't noticed that in herself yet, but would like to track it given her family history.

INVESTIGATION: FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO A DIVORCE :[L8] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: SPOUSE TRAVEL SCHEDULE AND HEALTH OF RELATIONSHIP :[L8]
Because her life has changed so dramatically in the last 10 years, with a divorce, the kids moving out, and job changes, she thought there would have been some valuable things to track to document the changes.
"If I could go back and track how things have changed, one of them might be the relationships, the time that I spent with my now ex-husband and family, how that time changed. Lot of that problem was his travel schedule, which left me alone a lot with the kids. I think that was one of the reasons we ended up getting divorced, the time apart. If I could track his travel schedule with where things were in our relationship." : [L8] She considered her 47 th birthday as the first day of the rest of her life.

IDEA VARIABLE: QUALITY OF RELATIONSHIP WITH KIDS, TIME SPENT WITH KIDS, QUALITY OF CONVERSATIONS :[L8]
She would like to track the relationship with her kids as they get older, specifically the time they spend together and "how the conversations mature and change as we mature and change."

IDEA VARIABLE: ENERGY LEVELS FOR DETECTION OF DEPRESSION :[L8]
I asked about whether there are things that precede or coincide with times in her life when she is feeling down. She thought her energy level "I wasn't on top of my game. My body for whatever reason was putting its resources elsewhere. In those times in my life when things have been, a bad day compared to a good day, my energy goes down. It's a sign to me that I need to workout or do something where I feel like I'm accomplishing something." :[L8] Whenever she's down, she tries to choose tasks that are doable to give her a sense of accomplishment and to get her energy levels kick started.

BENEFIT: CONFIRMATION OF WHAT YOU ARE FEELING DURING DEPRESSION/STRESSFUL TIME PERIODS :[L8]
"Especially when I was going through the divorce -obviously that's a very dramatic time in your life, but if there had been someone there to track that, and just confirm a lot of the stuff that I was feeling, that might have been really useful." :[L8]

NEUTRAL REACTION: SHORT-TERM MEMORY OVER LONG-TERM :[L8] POSITIVE REACTION: TIME SPENT WITH FRIENDS OVER LONG-TERM :[L8]
She wasn't interested in short-term memory, but was interested in time with her friends. When we discussed the commitments example, she brought up an example of a project she's been meaning to do, but hasn't gotten done -organizing a box of photos. There are some things she gets down on a regular basis and some things she postpones, and she would be curious to see a breakdown of what those things are.
[Sorting] (0:33:50) Ability to concentrate would not serve any purpose for her She wanted to see how her ability to recall as she gets older -she says she is good with names, but her kids like to tease her that her short term memory is bad

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: ALCOHOL DRINKING AND CHANGES IN SOCIAL PATTERNS :[L8]
She thinks alcohol drinking would be interesting to monitor because her life has changed -if the patterns have changed She thought that bathroom trips may be relevant in a few years She has had no issues with diabetes, so blood glucose is not of interest She would like to track blood pressure because she is trying to be more health aware

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: CLOTHING CHOICES AND PLACES VISITED :[L8]
She thought clothing choices would be interesting because she leads a varied existence and would be curious to see her clothing choices compared to where she was going She doesn't drink coffee She would like to track commitments to see if she is using her time well She thought that conversation turn-taking would be interesting to track once her daughter moves home to see if they are communicating at equal levels She feels she currently tracks email and correspondence IDEA RELATIONSHIP: GRIP STRENGTH AND EARLY STAGES OF SERIOUS DISEASE (CANCER) -IMPLIED? :[L8] She thought that grip strength would be relevant as she gets older and referenced that her parents were both cancer survivors She says that her kids tell her that she's "easy to put one over on," so it would be interesting to track gullibility, but she thought she wouldn't like the results She believes she's nearing menopause and is thinking about getting one of those over-the-counter tests to find out when she'll be going through it She would like to get better at detecting whether the people she is working out with are open to conversation "When you are thinking of a particular goal, when I applied these to physical activity to me, it seemed to be easier to say no, yes, or maybe because you're applying it to something specific." :[L8]

IDEA INVESTIGATION: CHANGING ROLES/RELATIONSHIPS OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN AS THEY BECOME ADULTS :[L8]
"There are some times when this really might be interesting to me, especially with my daughter returning to the nest. To track how much time I spend with her and how much time I spend picking up after her, so some of that stuff might be real interest to track and I might think about doing something like that. Even though I haven't tracked, compare it to how things were when she was home before she left. He keeps a budget and keeps a record of his spending by paying for most things by check. He allocates money for categories such as mortgage, insurance, travel, eating out and clothes. If he spends too much in a category during a month, he cuts back the following month in that category others.
He was doing a weight-lifting program and was tracking that.
[Snoop](0:06:22) He verified with me that the "detective" would forget all the information after reporting it to him. I asked him to imagine that they observe him for the next few weeks and tell me what they might notice. He feels he is pretty organized, but notes that he does procrastinate occasionally. He thinks they might be able to recognize ways that he can "get more done with less stress." "Anything that can help me get work done at the end of the day so I can go home and not think about it, that I would really appreciate." :[L9] [TV](0:09:00)

NEUTRAL REACTION: TV WATCHING, FEELS HIS TV WATCHING IS REASONABLE :[L9]
He does not currently watch TV, except for one movie a week, and in the past watched very little. I asked him if there was something like watching TV, that he would like to better understand how much time he is spending doing it. He couldn't think of anything. He liked the exercise example here more than the "opportunities for exercise" in the snoop example. He felt that just by telling him whether he was meeting goals that he had set, this one was more helpful and less nagging.
He could imagine setting goals and thought that he might check this kind of information before and after he worked out.

POSITIVE REACTION: SKIN CHANGES :[L9] CONCERN: DON'T HAVE EXPERTISE TO INTERPRET (SKIN CHANGES) :[L9] IDEA USE: JUST ALERT HIM IF NEED TO SEE A DOCTOR (SKIN) :[L9] POSITIVE REACTION: HEALING TIME :[L9]
He doesn't feel like he has the expertise to interpret the skin record and would only want it to tell him when there was a potential problem and he needed to see a doctor. He thought healing time might be useful however.

POSITIVE REACTION: ACHES AND PAINS, FREQUENCY :[L9] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: NECK AND KNEE PAIN AND HUMIDITY/TEMPERATURE :[L9] CONCERN: INFORMATION MUST BE INCLUDED ABOUT HOW TO FURTHER PREVENT PROBLEM (PAIN AND WEATHER) :[L9]
He has plenty of aches and pains stemming from old injuries and overuse. It would be helpful to see frequency. He believes his neck and knee hurt more when it is damp and cold out. When I asked him if he would like to see frequency of pain in the context of weather changes, he responded "only if it gave me a way of preventing it." [Activity](0:16:30)

POSITIVE REACTION: SITTING VERSUS MOVING AROUND :[L9]
He would like to know how much time he had spent sitting versus moving around.

CONCERN: WANT REMINDER TO DO SOMETHING MORE THAN INFORMATION ABOUT PAST PERFORMANCE :[L9] IDEA USE: REMINDER TO STRETCH :[L9]
"What would be helpful for me, I tend to get neck and shoulder pain, I think from hunching over the computer, and if I had a reminder now and then to get up and stretch, that would be useful because I get wrapped up into work. Those kind of activity reminders would be helpful." : [L9] I asked him about the timescale. He liked at grip strength and strength training. He's working on grip strength following a tennis injury and is supposed to be doing ball exercises, but forgets. He thinks it would be helpful to see the effect of the exercises.
"Trying to recover from an injury, that kind of information very valuable." :[L9]

IDEA USE: AWARENESS OF INJURY HISTORY WHEN PROVIDING INTERPRETATION FOR DATA :[L9]
He would like the system to customize recommendations based on his injury history.

IDEA VARIABLE: PROGRESS ON MULTIPLE WORK PROJECTS :[L9]
He couldn't think of anything that he would track in terms of projects. His work is so involving that he tries not to do any projects outside of work. He uses lists to track his progress at work, particularly for managing multiple projects. He would like to have something that would help him keep track of these projects, as he can be working on up to 10 at a time.

NEUTRAL REACTION: GAMES, DOESN'T PLAY :[L9]
He doesn't play games, so game performance wasn't of interest. He asked what attention tests were. He believes he is aware of his attention performance, but would take suggestions on how to improve it.

IDEA USE: TRACKING TO SEE IF INTERVENTIONS ARE HAVING POSITIVE EFFECT ON MEMORY OR ATTENTION :[L9]
He would only want to monitor mental performance if he was tracking whether particular interventions were having an effect. He agrees that mental abilities may be correlated with activity and other aspects of routine and behavior.
"If you could correlate memory with say, the amount of activity you did in a week, to tell you that this is the optimal amount of activity if you want to have the best attention span, that's the kind of thing I was talking about, a suggestion for improvement." :[L9] I ask him about using data over a long time period to evaluate the direction his life is taking and whether he is spending time on what is important to him. He can't think of anything that he would need to track that he is not already aware of. "Some people could use this as ammunition to criticize each other. That seems to be a potential source of conflict more than anything else." :[L9]

NEUTRAL REACTION: SCHEDULE, ONLY TWO PEOPLE SO NO NEED :[L9]
I asked him if that applied to his family. There are just two people in his household, just him and his son, so he doesn't believe there is a lot to track.

NEUTRAL REACTION: WATER USAGE :[L9] CONCERN: BETTER TO HAVE AUTOMATED APPLIANCES THAN INFORMATION (WATER USAGE) :[L9]
He didn't want information about water usage. He would rather have appliances that know when to do jobs (wash dishes, water the lawn) when water was least expensive. He believes that knowing how to not waste water is common sense.

NEUTRAL REACTION: TIME SPENT WITH FAMILY, ALREADY KNOW :[L9]
He believes he has a good sense of how much time he is spending with his family. "Yeah that [correspondence] would be useful. Sometimes you forget to call someone. If it's information only just I see. I don't want someone else saying oh you didn't call your mother." :[L9]

CONCERN: PRIVACY (CORRESPONDENCE) :[L9]
He emphasizes that privacy is very important to him.

IDEA USE: EXPLICIT INVESTIGATIONS INSTEAD OF BACKGROUND TRACKING :[L9]
There were items that he chose under the stress category but didn't originally choose. I asked him about this and he said that he would want to track them for a problem area, but wouldn't want to be constantly reminded of them. He wanted to make an explicit decision when to track those things (e.g., I want to concentrate on affecting stress now, I'll begin tracking these variables).

CURRENTLY TRACKING: APPOINTMENTS IN CALENDARS, WHICH ARE KEPT :[L10]
She writes down appointments in a calendar and keeps the calendars. Every year she writes down movie titles while watching the Oscars to remind her to rent those movies when next at the video store. She does not keep information about her reaction to the movie or when she watched it, however.

CURRENTLY TRACKING: BOOKS READ AND REACTION :[L10] BENEFIT: REMINDING SELF ABOUT WHETHER READ SOMETHING, RESPONSE TO THAT SOMETHING (BOOKS READ) :[L10]
She reads a lot and used to keep a record of the books she read, including title, author, when she read it, and a summary. This was helpful to her because she would often forget details about the books she read, but the process was too time-consuming to maintain (she last kept a record of reading 3 years ago).

CURRENTLY TRACKING: TRAVEL LOG :[L10] BENEFIT: PROVIDING HELPFUL INFORMATION FOR OTHER PEOPLE (PLACES VISITED) :[L10] NEGATIVE REACTION: PLACES VISITED LOCAL -NOTHING OF INTEREST :[L10]
She has kept a journal on vacations about where she went, what she ate, where she stayed, what she liked about it. This journal has come in handy because she has been able to give information to friends who were planning trips. She can't imagine keeping a similar journal for local places she visits though ("there's nothing great about Orlando").

NEUTRAL REACTION: PEOPLE ENCOUNTERED -WOULD ONLY TRACK SERVICE PROFESSIONALS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES :[L10]
The only reason she would keep track of people encountered would be if she wanted to keep a list of reference information for plumbers, repair people, or other professionals.

NEUTRAL REACTION: SNACKING -ALREADY KNOW :[L10] NEUTRAL REACTION: WATER DRINKING -ALREADY KNOW :[L10]
She's on a diet and drinks water at the gym, so she is already conscious of what she is eating/drinking and doesn't see the need for a food journal. Her initial response was that she thought it would be nice to get a report like this. As she looked at the specific examples, she noted that eating behaviors was "pretty much under control" for her now that she was on a low-carb diet.

NEUTRAL REACTION: OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXERCISE -UNDER CONTROL WITH TRAINER AND BELONGING TO GYM :[L10]
She already has multiple opportunities for exercise; she belongs to a gym, has a trainer, and does yoga, spinning, and other classes.

NEUTRAL REACTION: SOCIAL AWARENESS -ALREADY A PEOPLE PERSON, DOESN'T NEED HELP :[L10]
She thinks of herself as a "people person" and doesn't feel she needs help with social awareness.

NEUTRAL REACTION: WORK HABITS, NOT ENOUGH STRUCTURE, COORDINATION WITH PEOPLE TO NEED :[L10]
She initially noted that the work habits doesn't apply to her because she does not work outside of the home. When asked about projects inside the home, she indicated that she follows a random schedule and does not need to coordinate with other people.

IDEA USE: MEDICATION REMINDER :[L10]
She has medications and vitamins and forgets to take them. She noted that calcium in particular is challenging because she has to take it 3 times a day. So a medicine reminder would be helpful for her. Following her mention of medication, we took a look at the medication example. She noted that she thinks the problem she has with remembering is that she will get distracted from taking her pills and then an hour later see that she still hasn't taken them yet.
She thinks she could make a better effort into being more disciplined, but describes herself as someone who isn't very structured. She notes that not taking the vitamins is not threatening, so it's easier to slack off.

BENEFIT: IDENTIFICATION OF SITUATIONAL VARIABLES THAT AFFECT MOOD WITHOUT PERSON BEING AWARE (HIGH POINT/LOW POINT) :[L10]
We took a look at high point/low point. She could see it being helpful, because for her there are situation variables that affect her mood, such as music. She thought there may be some things that affect her mood that she is not aware of -for example, she had never considered whether lighting affects her.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: ROOM TEMPERATURE AND MOOD :[L10] BENEFIT: UNDERSTANDING MOOD SWINGS :[L10]
They were without power for 6 days following the hurricane and she realized how much she is affected by heat, becoming very grumpy without air conditioning. She thinks having information about what affects you could help you understand mood swings. She thought the activity sequences data was unfamiliar and had difficulty thinking of an application for that information. She didn't feel that she interacted with objects enough to leave much of an activity pattern. She has become very interested in weight loss, diet, and exercise, so this example is more relevant to her. She weighs herself in the morning and makes sure it is under a certain amount. If it it's not, she exercises harder and more. She'll take an extra kick-boxing course or spinning course.

NEUTRAL REACTION: PHOTOS OF GOOD DAYS, BAD DAYS (WEIGHT) -LITTLE CHANGE :[L10]
She didn't think photos of her body would change from day to day. She didn't think that photos of what she was doing would be very helpful.

NEUTRAL REACTION: WEIGHT WITH GOOD DAYS/BAD DAYS, ALREADY KNOW :[L10]
She thought she understood why there are days when she gets less activity and noted that there are some days when she deliberately gives herself a rest. She was attracted to the aches and pains example. She talks with her trainer about aches that she may experience to try to determine what exercise could have caused it, but she is not very helpful. She thought keeping a record over time could therefore be helpful. She was concerned however that she may become too focuses on aches and pains, like her father, and begin complaining too much (she notes though that he was more sedentary than her).

POSITIVE REACTION: HISTORY OF EXERCISE :[L10] IDEA INVESTIGATION: EXERCISE, WHAT EXERCISE IS INTENDED TO ADDRESS, ENJOYMENT OF EXERCISE, WHAT EXCERSIZE NEW ACTIVITY IS REPLACING OVER TIME :[L10]
She thought the history of exercise would be helpful, particularly for understanding limitations. She would like to have a record of the exercises she does, when she does it, what it addresses, and how well she likes it. She recounts how she used to run in her 30s, but has shifted to fast walking at most to preserve her knees, so the limitations reference seems to indicate that she would like to make sure she is balancing her exercise regimen while gradually replacing exercises as she gets older.

CONCERN: PACING OF EXERCISE COURSE ALREADY PROVIDES INFORMATION ABOUT PROGRESS :[L10]
She feels she has an indication of how she's doing with yoga as her instructor introduces more strenuous poses. She would like to know how much time she's watching TV. Having been without TV for 6 days, she's become aware of how much she depends on TV for staying informed. She also notes that TV is a habit for her, something she starts in the morning and combines with other activities. She thinks she might modify her habits if she had a better understanding of how she's watching it.

IDEA INVESTIGATION: PRODUCTIVITY AND TIME MANAGEMENT :[L10]
It would be neat to know where you spend her time. I might waste time piddling around and then go, what did I do today? I don't' know, but another day's gone <laughs> So that would be really interesting to break it down and organize my time better. :[L10]

IDEA VARIABLE: POSTPONED ACTIVITIES :[L10]
She would like to know the activities and whether she was spending too much time in one area. She would like to track if there were things she was putting off. She liked this example a lot. She notes that she is a spontaneous person who isn't anal or scheduled, so having this information might provide a counterbalance. She knows about herself that she doesn't like to be doing any one thing for a very long period, but instead shifts activities often and not according to a set plan.

IDEA INVESTIGATION: WAKING UP ROUTINE TO BETTER MANAGE TIME AND GET STARTED WITH DAY FASTER :[L10]
She's not a morning person, but wakes up at 6am. She has to drink coffee to wake herself up, particularly on days when she needs to go to the gym. She would like a better understanding of her waking up routines to better manage her time and get going faster. She feels she does know what she's procrastinating on, but would like something like the commitments example to provide motivation and get her on track for attending to tasks she's putting off. She would like something that would give her some flexibility ("choose one thing on the list"), but would commit her to acting ("do it now"). She feels that having information about the accumulation of time would be helpful. She knows most of it. She thought that if there was a way to show that the total amount of time she is committing to communicating with her dad, over a period of months, was meeting some goal, that that might make her feel better, because there is a lot of variability (she's calling him a lot right now) and it might balance out the times when is in little communication with him.

BENEFIT: HAVING DATA TO ANSWER QUESTIONS DURING CLINICAL VISITS (HOW MUCH ALCOHOL DRINK EACH WEEK) :[L10]
She says yes to alcohol drinking because she notes that they usually ask at the doctor's office how much you drink per week.
She thought about barometric pressure when she felt her ears popped when the hurricane came through.

IDEA USE: TRACK SOME THINGS OF DEVELOP CHRONIC DISEASE WHEN OLDER (BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD GLUCOSE, TRIPS TO THE BATHROOM) :[L10]
She notes that some things might change as she gets older -noting her dad would be more interested in the health issues. She thought she would want to begin tracking blood pressure, blood glucose, or trips to the bathroom if she developed a chronic disease.

IDEA VARIABLE: CHOLESTEROL :[L10] IDEA USE: KEEPING TRACK OF HEALTH VALUES (CHOLESTEROL) ON COMPUTER RATHER THAN FROM CLINICAL VISITS :[L10] BENEFIT: NOT HAVING TO RELY ON A DOCTOR TO MONITOR HEALTH VALUES (CHOLESTEROL) :[L10]
She notes that she would like to have more information about her cholesterol as she ages, rather than relying on a doctor to track it. In general, she would prefer to track health values herself, on her computer, rather than relying on a doctor.

IDEA USE: CLOTHING CHOICES TO MAKE BETTER PURCHASING CHOICES :[L10]
She would like to track clothing choices in order to make better purchasing choices.
She thinks she is gullible and often purchases things just to avoid confrontation. She has gotten better, she thinks, but would like to monitor it.

CONCERN: IF SOMETHING IS ALREADY BAD, NO NEED TO TRACK (NIGHT VISION) :[L10]
She knows that she doesn't have good night vision, so doesn't think she needs to track it.
She thinks she would track pet activity if her dog were younger and more active.

She doesn't do sports.
She resorts by "stress"

IDEA VARIABLE: WHICH CONVERSATIONS ARE ARGUMENTS :[L10]
She thought that if conversation turn taking had information about whether the conversation was argument, it might be helpful.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: LOUD MUSIC AND STRESS :[L10]
She selected hearing because loud music drives her crazy

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: VARIATION FROM ROUTINE AND FEELINGS OF DISRUPTION :[L10]
She noted that experiencing the hurricane showed her how much variation from routine can be disruptive.
She doesn't keep a journal. She thought that the network was representative in that she tends to call family more than anyone else. She does more work phone calling than represented.

BENEFIT: INTERESTING, FOR CURIOSITY SAKE (SOCIAL PHONE) :[L11]
She doesn't think that this information would be helpful, but interesting.

IDEA INVESTIGATION: PHONE USE AND WORK AS JOB POSITION CHANGES :[L11]
It would be interesting to track as the years go by with work, does it increase, does it decrease, how does that correspond to the particular positions you have. :[L11]

IDEA VARIABLE: ALL FORMS OF COMMUNICATION, ELECTRONIC, BLACKBERRY, TELEPHONE, RELATED TO WORK :[L11]
Any kind of connection -electronic, blackberry, telephone -for work would be interesting to her.
She thinks that social would vary quite a bit with regard to who her friends are at the particular time and her work situation. She noted that some relationships stay constant -those who are closer to her.

NEUTRAL REACTION: SOCIAL -PHONE ON SHORT TERM, PHONE BILL ALREADY DOES THIS :[L11]
Her phone bill has the breakdown about calls and so she doesn't feel she needs additional information on a short-term basis.

IDEA USE: DATA THAT YOU OCCASIONALLY SCRUTINIZE, LIKE PHONE BILLS AND CREDIT CARD BILLS :[L11]
It's like your credit card bill. Sometimes you really analyze it, where am I spending my money, but probably not on a regular basis. :[L11]

POSITIVE REACTION: GOOD TIMES TO CALL FOR CALLS WITH FRIENDS :[L11] NEUTRAL REACTION: GOOD TIMES TO CALL FOR CALLS WITH FAMILY, ALREADY KNOW :[L11]
She thought that the good time to call example would be good for conversations with friends, but felt that she knows her family so well, she wouldn't even look at the information ("because you know that intrinsically, when to call").

POSITIVE REACTION: USING CALL INFORMATION TO INVESTIGATE HEALTH OF A RELATIONSHIP OVER TIME -INTERESTING, BUT NOT NECESSARY :[L11]
When questioned, she initially thought she would know about the health of a relationship with a friend and that his information wouldn't be needed, but on consideration, thought it might be interesting to "look back on the cluster of calls, what that meant," but didn't think it would be necessary. She had an immediate positive response to this example and indicated that sports, grip strength, and strength training were of particular personal interest to her. She does strength training and sports and would like to see improvement and how periods of rest affect her performance (where does she start back on the chart after a period of slacking off).

IDEA USE: DATA AUTOMATICALLY COLLECTED AND CORRELATED WITH HEALTH STATUS VARIABLES (AS OPPOSED TO TODAY'S PEDOMETERS, WHICH REQUIRE MANUAL RECORDING) :[L11]
She does aerobic activity, strength training, and walking. She has a pedometer, but she often forgets about it, it's not a natural thing to put on, and even when she has the information, she doesn't know what to do with it. She would like it integrated and correlated with status of health and well-being. It would be helpful to know that her performance and strength were increasing, that she could go further, faster. She would like to see the information integrated with weight. She would like a combined "health status" score to look at, rather than just having it broken down on all these measures. She would like the algorithm for health status to be determined based on studies that have been done.
I think I may know, but is that the best algorithm? Probably not. :[L11]

BENEFIT: NO CHANGE (IN PERFORMANCE) TRIGGERING ALTERATIONS TO WORKOUT OR DIET :[L11]
If she didn't see change, she would make alterations to her workout or diet. Because she works every day, she believes she is a good judge of her attention and memory and knows when she is having an off day.
I think memory and attention, I think you know that pretty well yourself. :[L11]

IDEA USE: DON'T COMBINE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND MENTAL PERFORMANCE :[L11]
She would want to see mental performance measures separate from physical measures. She immediately reacted to the information related weather to physical exercise, because it is something that directly impacts her exercise regimen. She'll adjust the length of her walk based on temperature. She feels that season affects exercise quite a bit for people.

IDEA USE: INFORMATION DELIVERED (WEATHER), RATHER THAN HAVING TO BE SOUGHT :[L11]
She notes that she organizes her day around the weather, whether to go out to do an errand, what to wear, etc. and would like to have that kind of information at least twice a day. When asked whether the current information available about weather is sufficient, she said it would be nice to receive it and not have go look for it.

POSITIVE REACTION: PAIN IN CONTEXT OF RECOMMENDATIONS :[L11] POSITIVE REACTION: NEWS RELATED TO CURRENT ACTIVITIES, TIME SPENT IN CAR :[L11] IDEA VARIABLE: TIME SPENT SITTING :[L11] BENEFIT: MOTIVATING ACTIVITY (TIME SPENT SITTING) :[L11]
She thought the pain and food examples were good, but particularly reacted to the time spent in car example. She noted that she would like to know how many minutes she spent sitting in the chair today. She thought that would motivate more activity.

IDEA USE: DATA WITH POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OR OTHER METRICS (TIME SPENT SITTING WITH RISK OF DIABETES, CALORIES BURNED) :[L11]
She imagined what it would be like to have the data (you sat for 6.5 hours today) with information about the significance of that (you're more prone to diabetes, you burned less calories) -she thought this information would be motivating.

NEGATIVE REACTION: GROUP STATS ABOUT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OR MOOD (INTRUSIVE) :[L11] IDEA INVESTIGATION: DEMOGRAPHIC STATS AND GENERAL ACTIVITIES (TIME SPENT WORKING) OF NEIGHBORS :[L11] BENEFIT: SENSE OF SECURITY TO KNOW MORE ABOUT NEIGHBORS :[L11]
The group data was not very interesting to her as it was. Instead of knowing about their health, she would like to know about the demographics of her neighbors -how many students, break down in professions, how many married, average age. When I suggested knowing how many hours they spend working, she agreed that would be interesting, and commented that today we don't know our neighbors too well, so having information would give a sense of comfort. She wasn't interested in invasive information, such as average mood or physical activity.

[TV](0:25:30) POSITIVE REACTION: TV WATCHING COMPARED WITH AVERAGE FOR DEMOGRAPHIC :[L11] POSITIVE REACTION: TV WATCHING, WOULDN'T AFFECT BEHAVIOR, BUT FOR CURIOSITY SAKE :[L11]
She thought it was interesting to compare her TV watching with the average for her demographic. She doesn't spend many hours all at once in front of the TV, but watches it in the background while doing other tasks. She doesn't think it would affect what she would do, but she is curious.

IDEA USE: SOMETHING THAT WOULD HELP HER TAILOR TV WATCHING TO FAVORITE SHOWS ONLY :[L11]
She wishes there was something that would help her tailor her TV watching to only shows she really enjoys and wants to plan on watching.

POSITIVE REACTION: HEART RATE AND MOOD WITH TV WATCHING, CURIOSITY SAKE :[L11]
She thought it would be interesting to see her heart rate and mood while watching TV. She thinks her mood would be in between and her heart rate would be lower than normal. She thinks that there would be differences when watching her favorite shows or new shows. This would again be something she would just be curious about. She thought of the body example as a "micro-analysis" and found it interesting. Skin changes was not of interest to her, but activity and muscle tone were really interesting. She thinks aches and pain would be helpful. [Weight](0:31:00)

POSITIVE REACTION: WEIGHT WITH PEDOMETER STEPS :[L11]
She liked the idea of seeing weight with pedometer steps.

IDEA USE: NO DATA ENTRY, "MINDLESS" TRACKING TOOLS :[L11]
She emphasized that she wanted something that would automatically record and correlate the data rather than requiring data entry. She wanted tracking tools that were "mindless"

POSITIVE REACTION: DATA WITH GOALS :[L11] POSITIVE REACTION: PHOTOS FOR GOOD DAYS/BAD DAYS :[L11]
She was strongly responsive to the idea of comparing data with goals and thought the photos would be helpful. She's very regimented and could imagine that her schedule would look very much the same from day to day.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: ACTIVITIES FROM PREVIOUS DAY, SLEEP QUALITY, AND FEELINGS OF FATIGUE/OFF-GAME :[L11]
She would like to know how the activities on the previous day and sleep affected how she felt the next day ("draggy").
Sometimes it takes you a while to discover gee, why you feel that way, and what you can do to modify your behavior. :[L11]

BENEFIT: EVEN IF HAVE A GOOD SENSE OF BEHAVIOR, SEEING DATA CAN HELP IMPROVE :[L11]
She thought the number of minutes spent cooking would be really interesting.
I think anything that has to do with behavior is really interesting. I think we all think we have a handle on our behavior, but it's helpful to see something like this so you can improve. :[L11]

POSITIVE REACTION: DATA OVER YEARS :[L11] BENEFIT: DATA OVER YEARS HELPFUL FOR CHANGES THAT ARE DIFFICULT TO INTUITIVELY BE AWARE OF (MEMORY DECLINE, EFFICIENCY) :[L11]
She liked the idea that it was over several years and felt that it was appropriate for identifying changes that are difficult to personally be aware of.
I think as I've gotten older, I am working in a more efficient manner, that could be meals, that could be planning what we're going to eat for the week. I didn't have the planning down at that time (10 years ago). : [L11] She thought the time spent with friends would be interesting.

POSITIVE REACTION: MEMORY IN CONTEXT OF DECLINE :[L11] BENEFIT: PROMPT CONVERSATION WITH PHYSICIAN (MEMORY DECLINE) :[L11]
She thought the memory in the context of friends would be good. She thought that decline would prompt her to talk with her physician and noted that changes in memory (over years) are difficult to personally detect. She would want to know even if it showed decline.

IDEA VARIABLE: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OVER YEARS :[L11] IDEA VARIABLE: EFFICIENCY, TIME MANAGEMENT, PLANNING OVER TIME TO SEE HOW IMPROVE :[L11]
She would like to track physical activity and mental activity and would like to see how she gets better at time management and planning over time.

NEGATIVE REACTION: SHARING DATA WITH FAMILY MEMBERS (INTRUSIVE) :[L11]
She was reluctant about the idea of sharing information with family members.

POSITIVE REACTION: SHARING DATA WITH PHYSICIAN :[L11]
She felt that she could share activity or social based information with her physician. Her physician asks about social wellbeing. She couldn't think of anything that was difficult to talk about or to summarize when talking with her physician.
[Sorting] (0:41:35) She noted that she is poor at recalling jokes and stories, but believes she has always been that way, and would like to track it.

IDEA INVESTIGATION: CLOTHING CHOICES TO IDENTIFY "GETTING IN A RUT" :[L11]
She would like to know when she is getting into a rut in wearing the same thing.
She reacted strongly (positive) to conversation turn-taking, gullibility, hormone cycles, knowledge about friends and family (she thinks she would be surprised), laughing, mood self-rating, physical exercise concepts, posture, response time, time spent with friends, use of space, variation by routine.

CONCERN: KNOWING HOW MUCH MULTI-TASK MAY LABEL PERSON AS TOO STRUCTURED OR ANAL :[L11]
She multi-tasks all the time and doesn't want to know to what extent, because it would "show people" how anal she is.

BENEFIT: TRACKING CONSTRUCTS THAT ARE DIFFICULT TO INTUITIVELY MEASURE (NIGHT VISION) :[L11]
She notes that night vision is important and that it is difficult to realize how much it is diminishing. Tracking snacking would make her feel bad, but she is planning on keeping a food journal. She doesn't feel that she has a weight problem, but doesn't want to have one. She's heard that a food journal is the best way to take control of her eating, but feels that she will only be able to maintain it for a few weeks.

IDEA USE: SKIN CHANGES ONLY IF MONITORING A MOLE :[L11]
She would only want to track skin changes if monitoring a mole.
She resorts by physical activity.
She chooses refrigerator openings, idle time, snacking, and alcohol drinking, though she notes that she didn't choose them before.

IDEA USE: TRACKING WITH A GOAL IN MIND :[L11]
Initially, I didn't think it was important, but when you think about it in a different context and start to focus and narrow down what you are trying to ascertain, it gives it new meaning. So if I'm looking at physical activity, I want to track my idle time… it helps to highlight what the issue is. :[L11]

IDEA USE: SOME METRICS ON OCCASION (BLOOD SUGAR, BLOOD PRESSURE, COFFEE/TEA DRINKING), OTHERS ALWAYS IN BACKGROUND (GRIP STRENGTH, HORMONE LEVELS, MUSCLE TONE, SPORTS PERFORMANCE) :[L11]
She would like to occasionally track her blood sugar, blood pressure, coffee/tea drinking; but things that are "more pertinent" as she perceives and would want to track all the time, would be grip strength, hormone levels, muscle tone, sports performance.

IDEA USE: DATA MONITORING STATION :[L11]
Her final recommendations would be to make tracking less cumbersome -steps in the day, caloric intake, activity in the day. She would like the data transmitted to a monitoring station and get feedback from a built-in algorithm.
It's one thing to analyze your own data, and it's another thing to have a professional analyze your data. :

CURRENTLY MONITORING: BLOOD PRESSURE :[L12] CURRENTLY MONITORING: BLOOD GLUCOSE :[L12]
She tracks blood sugar and blood pressure. She had a home blood pressure monitor, but it doesn't work, so she uses the machine at the grocery store. She has a home gluco-meter that she uses. She was recording them for a while, but lately is just making sure they are within a range. The blood sugar machine keeps a record of the data.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: FRUIT, BLOOD SUGAR, EXERCISE, WEIGHT :[L12]
She has noticed that the less fruit she eats, the more she exercises, and the lower her weight is, the better her blood sugar.

IDEA VARIABLE: MEMORABLE MOMENTS, SELF AND FAMILY :[L12]
She writes down a couple times of year what went on in her and her husband's life and what went on in her kids' lives, but would like to do so more often. She keeps photos.

IDEA USE: LANDMARK-BASED WALKING PROGRESS :[L12]
She walks and knows that a pedometer would be helpful, but monitors her distance instead by walking to particular landmarks. When she walks on a treadmill at the gym, she makes use of the distance tracking technology.

IDEA VARIABLE: TRACKING KIDS' DEVELOPMENT :[L12]
She tracked her kids' height on the door frame as they grew up.

IDEA VARIABLE: PERISHABLE FOODS :[L12]
She writes down when she opens milk or eggs on the calendar.

IDEA USE: WHETHER ACTIVITIES AND EXERCISE ARE MEETING GOALS :[L12] BENEFIT: EVALUATION OF CURRENT PERFORMANCE TOWARD GOAL (EXERCISE, EATING) :[L12]
In addition to the eating behaviors, she liked the opportunities for exercise. She thought it would be valuable to have someone tell her whether the work she is doing is helpful to her goals, recommend opportunities for doing more, and give her information that might motivate her to continue.
"Exercise. If someone could tell you whether what you're doing is helping you lose weight or tone up or giving you some kind of exercise… help me to stay on a better path to eating, showing me where I can fit in more exercise, or maybe being more motivated to exercise, or just showing me whether the exercise I normally do is working." :[L12]

NEUTRAL REACTION: POSTURE :[L12] IDEA USE: POSTURE (WALKING WITH HEAD UP OR HEAD DOWN) AS INDICATOR OF CONFIDENCE :[L12]
"I don't know so much about the posture. I guess it would give you an idea of how confident you are, if you are walking with your head up or head down, but that would be the least interesting for me." :[L12]

NEGATIVE REACTION: WORK HABITS, GETTING ENOUGH CRITIQUE FROM EMPLOYER :[L12]
She felt that her boss already tells her enough about her work habits.
"They tell you do this or do that. Sometimes you feel like a yo-yo." :[L12]

POSITIVE REACTION: SOCIAL AWARENESS :[L12] BENEFIT: MORE OBJECTIVE MEASURE TO BALANCE OUT SUBJECTIVE I NPUT FROM FAMILY (SOCIAL AWARENESS) :[L12]
She felt the social awareness information would be good to get from a third party.
"The social awareness might be like your husband nagging you or your kids nagging you… another person would be better, because they are not always objective. It would be nice to have a balance." :[L12] [TV] (0:30:03)

POSITIVE REACTION: TV WATCHING :[L12] BENEFIT: ASSISTING WITH TIME BUDGETING (TV) :[L12]
She could imagine that the value in tracking this information, in terms of time budgeting or changing behavior.

PROCEDURE: PARTICIPANT SPECULATES ABOUT HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION (IF I WAS TRYING TO CHANGE…) RATHER THAN CURRENT NEED :[L12] BENEFIT: EVALUATING TIME SPENT ON ACTIVITIES FOR BEHAVIOR CHNAGE :[L12] CONCERN: EVALUATING TIME SPENT ON ACTIVITIES GOING HAND IN HAND WITH HAVING A STRICT SCHEDULE :[L12]
"If I was trying to budget my time better, then I would know how much time I watch TV, or how much time I went outside, or how much time I spoke to my husband. Then yeah, it would be valuable. If I had a goal to stay on a strict schedule, but I'm not really sure…": [L12] "If I wanted to cut back on TV, then it would be valuable to know how much time I actually watched it." :[L12]

NEUTRAL REACTION: TIME SPENT OUTSIDE, QUESTIONING USEFULNESS :[L12] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: TIME SPENT OUTSIDE AND SUN-EXPOSURE (BUT NO INTEREST IN TRACKING) :[L12]
As she thought more about it, she noted that some information would be difficult to apply.
"I don't know why I would need to know how much time I spent outside, unless I was worried about getting too much sun."

NEUTRAL REACTION: MOOD, ALREADY KNOW WHEN UP OR DOWN :[L12]
"My mood, I don't think I really need to track it, I know when I'm up or down." : [L12] "I might talk to the doctor about it, ask if it was normal or if there was something I could do. Go to lectures to find out what people know about increasing their memory, take some supplements, look at the Internet." :[L12]

BENEFIT: KNOWING EARLY ABOUT CHANGE TO MAKE PLANS FOR HOW TO COMPENSATE :[L12]
"I would definitely want it. You need to make plans to figure out how you would keep remembering things. I would want that information. :[L12] "Well it would be helpful if I wanted to point out how we weren't getting anything done except for watching TV and stuff like that. We would know where to direct more of our efforts at doing stuff." :[L12]

PROCEDURE: SOMEWHAT MIXED REACTION (ACTION SEQUENCE IN SPACE) :[L12]
She indicated that seeing the actual action sequences in space would be of interest to her.
"I guess it would be helpful to see how far you were going. It would be useful if you wanted to see what you did. If you were wasting any time doing stuff and getting everything done as quickly as you wanted to." :[L12]

POSITIVE REACTION (MILD): MEDICATION TAKING :[L12] IDEA USE: MEDICATION TAKING TO DETERMINE WHERE TO KEEP PILLS :[L12]
She connected the medication adherence example with a possible solution.
"Well yeah, then you could have your pills there. So that would be helpful."

NEUTRAL REACTION: WHERE-WERE-YOU-WHEN AT HOME, ALREADY KNOWS SHE IS "MIXED UP" :[L12] IDEA USE: WHERE-WERE-YOU-WHEN AT WORKPLACE :[L12]
The participant felt a more general "where were you when you were doing or not doing something" would be best for the workplace, not home.
"It would help for budgeting your time and keep you on schedule. It could show you where you were. I probably don't need help with it. I know I'm mixed up. It helps for when you're at work. It keeps people doing what they need to be doing. At work I could see it." :[L12]

NEUTRAL REACTION: LOW POINTS/HIGH POINTS WITH PLACE, ALREADY KNOWS :[L12] IDEA USE: CONCENTRATION AND PLACE/TIME WHEN TAKING A CLASS :[L12]
She reiterated that she thought she knew when she was up and down and did not to see that information with regard to the place or situation.
"If I were taking a class, I would probably want to know when I could concentrate more. When would be the best time to take the classes or have tests. What would be the best time. Other than that I'm not really sure." :[L12]

IDEA USE: DETERMINING THE BEST TIME TO GO TO THE STORE OR TRAVELING :[L12]
"If you're talking about when the best time to go to the store when it was crowded or not crowded. Or if I wanted to travel somewhere." :[L12] [Family] (0:53:00)

CONCERN: FAMILY WOULD NOT BE WILLING TO CHANGE :[L12]
She could see the value in examining the morning routine, particularly for division of chores, but didn't think her family would be willing to talk about this information.
"They wouldn't want to do it. They like to do what they do when they do it. It wouldn't affect them." :[L12]

NEUTRAL REACTION: WATER USAGE, INSUFFICIENT MOTIVATION BECAUSE OF BILLING PROCESS :[L12] IDEA VARIABLE: HOW AND WHERE FAMILY MEMBERS SPEND MONEY :[L12]
She recognized that the water tracking might help save water, but didn't think there would be sufficient motivation considering how billing was done. She did think her family would benefit from tracking how and where they were spending money.

NEUTRAL REACTION: EATING TOGETHER, ALREADY KNOW :[L12]
She didn't think the eating-together information would be needed.
"I don't see why we would want to track it, I think we realize it." :[L12]

NEUTRAL REACTION: READING, DOESN'T APPLY NOW THAT KIDS ARE OLDER :[L12]
She thought that the reading example might have applied when she had younger children, but not now.

NEUTRAL REACTION: CORRESPONDENCE, ALREADY KNOWS :[L12]
She thought she knew the correspondence information.

POSITIVE REACTION: FAMILY GROUP ACTIVITY :[L12] BENEFIT: TRACKING WOULD TRIGGER MORE CONVERSATION, WHICH MIGHT TRIGGER MORE ACTION (FAMILY EXERCISE) :[L12]
She liked the group activity example and didn't think it would bother family members.
"That would be good. That would help if you are trying to lose weight or workout. If we talked about it more we would probably make sure we did it more." :[L12]

POSITIVE REACTION (HIGH): SNACKING :[L13]
She was enthusiastic about snacking and emphasized that she wanted something that would be easy.
"Every time I diet, I start recording what I am eating, but either I lose the paper or I'm not at home when I'm eating, so I would love to be able to keep track of snacking." :[L13]

POSITIVE REACTION: WATER DRINKING :[L13]
She liked tracking water drinking, but thinks she may have that goal met because she uses a sports bottle.

POSITIVE REACTION: MEMORABLE MOMENTS, WHEN HAVE YOUNG KIDS OR GRANDKIDS :[L13]
She thought she would have loved to record memorable moments when her children were young, but is less interested now. She thought it might be important again when she has grandchildren.

POSITIVE REACTION: MEDIA, SOURCE OF CONTENT :[L13]
She wouldn't be interested in seeing the media related to her stage in life, but would like to be able to track down the source of content.
"I think that would be important. Half the time I see something and can't remember when I saw it, and want to tell someone about it, so I would say that's important to me.

POSITIVE REACTION: OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXERCISE :[L13]
She liked the opportunities for exercise, wanting to know what opportunities she was overlooking.

POSITIVE REACTION: USE OF HEDGES IN PRESENTATIONS, LOW PRIORITY :[L13]
The social awareness example that stood out to her was the use of hedges in presentations. She thinks she is not as fluent as she could be, but it's low on her priority list.

POSITIVE REACTION: WORK HABITS, EFFICIENCY :[L13] IDEA INVESTIGATION: EFFICIENCY AND MULTITASKING, COMPLETING TASKS :[L13]
"I wouldn't mind someone telling me how I could be a little more time-efficient, I tend to start a lot of different things and have problems finishing everything. So I wouldn't mind taking a look at that." : [L13] She doesn't get distracted by external factors such as printer noise, but admits that she will get offcourse on her current task by thinking of something else that needs to be done.
She's comfortable with the idea of having someone offer observations.
[TV](0:12:25) She laughed at the idea of the mood rating and the time spent in conversation.

NEUTRAL REACTION: TV WATCHING, IT ISN'T AN "ISSUE" :[L13] CONCERN: BEHAVIOR IS TOO ERRATIC TO SUGGEST A MEANINGFUL PATTERN (TV WATCHING) :[L13]
She does watch TV, and falls asleep watching it at night, but doesn't feel it is an issue for her and wouldn't find tracking it to be important. She thinks her TV watching is very erratic, so one week's time wouldn't necessarily offer clues about her general TV watching behavior.

IDEA VARIABLE: TIME SPENT WORKING, INCLUDING RESPONDING TO EMAILS AT HOME, READING PAPERS AT HOME :[L13]
I asked her if there was anything else for which she would like to examine duration of time spent.
"I wouldn't knowing in reality how much time I spend working. I'm obviously here at the office, but I respond to emails at home, I read papers, I would love to know how many hours I really put in." :[L13]

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: TIME SPENT WORKING AND TIME SPENT ON ACTIVITIES "FOR ME," PREPARING DINNER, GETTING A MANICURE, EXERCISING, ONLINE SHOPPING :[L13] BENEFIT: GET LIFE IN ORDER, GET A BETTER SENSE OF PERSPECTIVE :[L13]
I point out the relationships aspect of this chart. I ask her if there was anything she would want to know in relationship to time spent on work.
"I guess I would like to know how much time I spend on things for me, preparing dinner, how many hours I spend getting a manicure or exercising or ordering things online, things like that I wouldn't mind seeing, maybe I could get my life in order here and get a better sense of perspective. Relationship of me time versus everything else I do in the world." :[L13]

NEGATIVE REACTION: COMPARING TO AVERAGES OR ESTIMATES -PREFERS "HARD FACTS" :[L13]
I asked her about comparing to averages or estimates. She didn't have interest in that, preferring the "hard facts" and wouldn't care much about the average. She liked the idea of being reminded about things that happened the day before and felt that she wouldn't need much to jog her memory. She didn't feel she would need the photos of people encountered, because if it were an important person, she would recall.
"I don't know how specific I would get, but I wouldn't mind remembering some of the things I did the day before."

CONCERN: EFFORT REQUIRED :[L13]
"Any of these things are interesting, if there is a way to do them without a lot of effort from me." :[L13]

NEUTRAL REACTION: PHOTOS OF PEOPLE WILL ENCOUNTER, DAY-TIMER ALREADY FILLS THIS ROLE :[L13]
She feels her day planner prepares her for the day (without need for something like photos of the people she would meet). She doesn't think about water conservation because they have a glut of water. She could see it for electricity and heating. She gets a bill, but if she could assess when things (e.g., the computer, the TV) could be turned off that would really make a difference.
"If it were at all possible to have variables that were really part of my life, like I left my grocery list at home or I can't remember what I did yesterday, it's very hard for me to retrieve that, or a phone number or address, whatever it happened to be. That would be the more practical thing, I don't know how doable that is." :[L13]

CONCERN: RELIABILITY OF ASSESSMENT, VALIDITY -WHETHER ASSESSMENT REFLECTS CHALLENGES OF REAL WORLD :[L13]
"I'd be willing to take a game, but I don't know how reliable that is. If it were a game, I would be giving it full concentration and ignoring anything extraneous, whereas in the real world, I try to remember something and there are other things going on." :[L13]

IDEA USE: SHORT-TERM MEMORY TRACKING TO TRIGGER MORE INTENSIVE USE-IT-OR-LOSE-IT EFFORTS :[L13]
She would try to use her brain a little bit more, according to the use it or lose it strategy. She feels like she is using her brain a lot while she works, but once she is retired she might try doing games.
"Maybe I would be more diligent in making associations, once I know that, I might make more effort, if I met people…" :[L13]

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: MOOD AND MENOPAUSE :[L13]
She doesn't think her mood varies much now, but imagines that her mood might vary more once she goes through menopause. She feels her short-term memory is worse, but that it doesn't get in the way of her life.

NEGATIVE REACTION: MUSCLE TONE :[L13] NEGATIVE REACTION: EXERCISE :[L13] CONCERN: DON'T WANT TO FOCUS ON SOMETHING YOU DON'T ENJOY, DOING BECAUSE YOU HAVE TO (EXERCISE) :[L13]
She felt the same way about the muscle tone and exercise. She hates to exercise and does it because she has to.
"You know what, this would be interesting, because I do have headaches and I'm not good at keeping track of -it's in the same area, in the frontal area, but I'm not good at tracking when I get them. I'd like to look for a pattern. I'd love to keep track of it." :[L13]

IDEA INVESTIGATION: CAUSE OF HEADACHES :[L13] POSITIVE REACTION: HEADACHE AND DAILY EVENTS, STRESS :[L13]
She agreed that having additional information about what was going on during the day or stress would be helpful, because she has "no idea" about possible relationships with her headaches. She thought it might be interesting to see, but couldn't imagine having any use for it. She feels like the things in her life that she needs to change she already knows about and wouldn't need more information.

CONCERN: THINGS IN LIFE THAT NEED TO CHANGE (MORE SLEEP, MORE EXERCISE, LESS FOOD, ALREADY KNOW ABOUT; HAVING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WOULDN'T BE HELPFUL :[L13]
"I feel like my life will continue the way it is. I don't think this would change. There are certain things I know I need that I just can't seem to get. I know I need more sleep, I need more exercise, I need less food." : She would like to look at alertness and concentration -she feels she knows that time of day affects her, but would like to see it. She thinks it may be hopeless in terms of improving her recall of jokes and stories, but would like to see it.

CONCERN: ALREADY A SOURCE OF CONFLICT WITH FAMILY MEMBER (ADJUSTMENTS TO THERMOSTAT) :[L13]
She and her husband battle over the thermostat all the time -and it might be interesting to prove a point, but she decides against tracking it. She only drinks a glass of wine occasionally.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: HEADACHES AND BAROMETRIC PRESSURE :[L13]
She thinks barometric pressure may trigger her headaches. She feels like she is in the bathroom all the time. She thinks blood pressure may be an issue for her one day. She would like to keep track of what she's worn recently. She feels like she does what she has to do with regard to commitments. She knows the traffic patterns. She feels like she knows about her email patterns.

IDEA USE: JUST INVESTIGATE ONCE OR TWICE (FOOTSTEPS) :[L13]
She would like to see footsteps once or twice. She'd like to think she isn't naïve. She does take her pulse when she jogs, so she includes heart rate. She's interested in hormones with respect to menopause. She has no idle time. <laughs>

BENEFIT: DIFFICULT TO READ YOURSELF WELL ON PERSONALITY VARIABLES (IMPULSIVENESS) :[L13]
She doesn't think she is impulsive, but thinks she may not be reading herself well. She thinks she laughs a lot. She's very interested in multitasking because she does it, but doesn't think she does it well. Her night vision is not as good any more. She just keeps her photos on her computer. She is concerned that her hearing will deteriorate and would like to monitor it. She thinks the fridge open/close would be funny, but she doesn't care. Doesn't smoke.

IDEA VARIABLE: LEISURE TIME :[L13]
Time spent with friends and leisure time.

IDEA VARIABLE: TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY :[L13]
She's interested in touch and temperature sensitivity. Sometimes she'll have food on her face and she won't feel it.

Resorts according to eating choices. IDEA RELATIONSHIP: AWARENESS OF TIME AND DECISION TO EAT :[L13]
She's interested in awareness of time with respect to when she decides to eat Blood glucose and blood pressure should be, but she's "just not interested." "I clicked on things that I wasn't really interested in before." :[L13]

IDEA USE: ONE INVESTIGATION (HEADACHES, EXERCISE) AT A TIME :[L13]
She would like to do specific investigations, like understanding her headaches, looking at exercisedoing investigation things individually.   She likes eating behaviors, opportunities for exercise, and social awareness.

IDEA INVESTIGATION: APPROPRIATE SCHEDULING OF EATING TIMES :[L14] IDEA USE: FINDING WAYS TO INCORPORATE EXERCISE INTO THE WORK DAY :[L14]
If the detective followed her around for a week, she would like them to notice whether she's eating the right amount at the right time. She eats lunch and is then hungry again when she gets home, but it's too early for dinner. She would like to find more opportunities for exercise during the work day.

IDEA VARIABLE: ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE WHEN OTHER PEOPLE NEED ASSISTANCES (STUDENTS) :[L14]
"I'm always interested in ways, particularly with my students, of making good contact with them. Having students know how much I care, because then they are more willing to do more. Ways of -because I don't always think of what I want to say, and later I think of it -particularly with students, you want to pick up on a cry for help and you maybe don't hear it." : [L14] She thinks someone might be able to show her how to pick up on these signals from her students sooner.

CONCERN: DISRUPT ILLUSIONS ABOUT SELF -BUT NOT ALWAYS A BAD THING :[L14]
"You never like to hear you are not a 100% good, but I don't suppose it would be too bad. Ten years previous her life was much different, because her two children living with her. One of her daughters is just out of college and will be living with her for a brief period. She knows her short-term memory has "gone downhill fast." "I don't know if there is anything different about me that I don't know that I would want to know." : [L14] I asked her to consider the next 10 years, particularly with regard to things that would indicate significant change. She couldn't think of anything in the moment.
I asked her to consider a time when she went through a period of change, such as depression. She felt that there wasn't anything in particular that would have described that period, and felt that she was self-aware of the experience.
"It became difficult to do almost anything, I can't think of anything particular that changed. I stared at the tube because I didn't do anything yes." :[L14]

CONCERN: SEEING DECLINE IS UNPLEASANT (SHORT TERM MEMORY) :[L14] IDEA USE: REASSURANCE ONLY THAT SHORT TERM MEMORY IS WITHIN RANGE ONCE A WEEK :[L14] POSITIVE REACTION: COMPARING SHORT-TERM MEMORY TO PEOPLE IN THE AGE RANGE :[L14]
I asked her about the short-term memory example, specifically with regard to the comparison with friends.
"I know that it's going down, I don't need to know any more of that. As you get older, you worry about Alzheimer's. I just need everything now and then to be reassured that this is normal and I suppose it would be nice to know other people have the same problem I do." :[L14]

POSITIVE REACTION (MIXED): SHORT-TERM MEMORY, TO INITIATE EFFORTS TO COUNTERACT IF SHARP DECLINE :[L14]
I asked her how often she would like to check in on her memory. She laughed and said maybe once a week. I asked her if she saw that it was declining more than other people her age whether it would still be information she would like to have. I asked her how variable she thought her memory was. "All I know, is that over time, over the last twenty years, it's gone downhill. For example, every year, it takes me longer to learn all the students' names. That kind of thing." :[L14]

NEUTRAL REACTION: TIME WITH FRIENDS OVER YEARS :[L14]
I asked her about the time with friends metric.
"I have no feeling that that would vary over time or that I would get anything from that." :[L14] [Place](0:16:10)

NEUTRAL REACTION: ACTIVITY PATTERNS, CAN'T THINK OF HEALTH APPLICATION :[L14]
She couldn't imagine wanting to have the activity patterns in space information unless she was trying to redesign her home.

NEUTRAL REACTION: MEDICATION PATTERNS, ALREADY MASTERED :[L14]
I had her look at the medication example and she offered that she does take cholesterol medication. She thought it might be useful to determine where to put medication, but she already feels she has a good system, where she places her medication on the counter in the morning to remind herself in the evening.
She doesn't feel that she puts off activities and feels she develops a consistent routine with built-in reminders for most things.

NEUTRAL REACTION: LOW POINTS/HIGH POINTS, ALREADY UNDERSTAND WHY HAPPY OR NOT :[L14] CONCERN: TRACKING MOOD IS FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT SELF-AWARE :[L14]
I asked her to take a look at the high point/low point example.
"I can imagine that this might be helpful to someone, but it would have to be someone who is not very self-aware, like would have no idea why they are feeling happy or not feeling happy. I don't tend to be like that, so I couldn't imagine needing that." :[L14]

POSITIVE REACTION: ACTIVITY BY BODY REGION, TRACK RELATIVE TO GOAL :[L14]
She would like to track the activity and likes how it is set-up by body limb, but suggests that the relevant goal needs to be listed.

POSITIVE REACTION: EXERCISE :[L14] BENEFIT: OTHERWISE DIFFICULT TO DETECT IMPROVEMENT IN INITIAL STAGES OF EXERCISE ROUTINE :[L14]
She thought that muscle tone would be good for an exercise program "That would be good, if you were entering on an exercise program, and at first you wouldn't notice that anything had improved, but if you had something like this telling you things are improving, that might encourage you to keep going. I like that idea." :[L14]

IDEA INVESTIGATION: HAVE YOU DONE ENOUGH EXERCISE IN THE COURSE OF EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES :[L14]
"I think I would know how much exercise I've done, I think I would need to know how much I need to do, that's why I like the activity one. If you are doing bicep curls, you know how much you've done, but if you walk around on a given day and do your life, is that enough to keep you healthy, do you need to do more? That would be interesting." : I asked her if she expected that she would see variability based on time of day or what she was doing.

CONCERN: DOESN'T MATTER IF CONTEXT AFFECTS YOU (TIME OF DAY AND MENTAL ABILITY), BECAUSE NO CONTROL OVER CONTEXT (MUST DO WORK AT SPECIFIC TIME) :[L14]
"I don't know, but if I did, it wouldn't matter much, because I go to work and I have to be -class starts at 7:20 here and I have to be performing. It wouldn't matter to me if I found that I performed better at a different time of day because there is nothing I could do about it." : [L14] She keeps a structured schedule in terms of sleep.

IDEA USE: DON'T PROBLEM SOLVE, JUST DOCUMENT DECLINE TO TAKE TO DOCTOR :[L14] IDEA INVESTIGATION: DOES EXERCISE IMPACT MEMORY :[L14]
She doesn't want to problem solve, but instead would want to just have documentation of physical or mental decline over time so that she could take it to a doctor to see if anything could be done. She would try exercising more to see if it affects these variables, but is skeptical that engagement in stimulating activities is helpful, because she is a chemistry teacher and still experiences mental changes. "That [the breakdown of spending by snacking, basic, and non-food] is what I thought was interesting. You go to the store and spend this money… at the end of the month, you want to add up how much you spent on groceries, and for a matter of fact, how much of it was spent on food versus non-food and snacking. I think that might be interesting." :[L14]

IDEA USE: GROCERY RECEIPT, NOT GROCERY LIST, IS APPROPRIATE TIME/PLACE FOR DELIVERY BECAUSE IT'S THE IMPULSE BUYS THAT ARE RELEVANT :[L14]
Her nutrition goals would have to do with vitamins, fiber, and low-fat (not low-carb). I asked her about the timing of presentation.
"I think it would be the only practical time. I don't think you could get it ahead of time, because if you were disciplined and knew here's what you were going to by and then were told about whether they met your nutrition goals, this assumes that you were just going to go in and follow that, that shopping plan. Well if you were that disciplined, you wouldn't be buying the crap in the first place. It would be okay to get it afterward because maybe in the course of the month you would be looking at these things and go oh my god, look at all the crap I bought, maybe it would make a difference in what you bought." :[L14] I asked her if family members have trouble communicating information about their life or health and she said that her son doesn't tell her anything, but that he wouldn't want something automatically sent either.
[Family] (0:32:50) She noted that most of these examples only apply to households with multiple members.

NEUTRAL REACTION: CORRESPONDENCE, ONLY USES EMAIL :[L14]
All her extended correspondence is through use of email, so she didn't feel she would need additional information about that.

POSITIVE REACTION: WATER USAGE, EXPERIENCE WITH IN PAST WAS POSITIVE :[L14] NEUTRAL REACTION: WATER USAGE, NOT NEEDED WITH SINGLE PERSON HOUSEHOLD :[L14]
She had her students keep a "water diary" years ago and did find it to be a valuable experience for herself and her students. She found out that over half of her water went to watering the lawn. She feels she wouldn't need additional information about what she was doing to make sense of the information.

IDEA VARIABLE: HOT FLASHES :[L14]
Sometimes she thinks she is having hot flashes and would like to understand her internal thermostat (whether she's feeling hot or cold) -she notes that she doesn't always adjust the thermostat though. She thought clothing choices might be relevant though. She already knows that community traffic congestion is bad. She resorts by physical activity and for mental sharpness.
She wouldn't want to put a lot of mental effort into tracking and would rather have something that would remind her to check on values.

IDEA USE: TRACKING THE BACKGROUND :[L14]
She would rather have things tracked in the background over a long period rather than initiating investigations.

ID: [L15]
Date: 8/31/04, 5:00 -6:00 (55 minutes) Participant type: Word of mouth Demographics: Woman, age 57 Location: Phone (Washington, DC) Audio file: DM1000 Shown 7 Displays: Journal, Snoop, TV, Place, Daily Rhythm, Activity, Years Work: Part-time, self-employed accountant, was a nutritionist in training Technologies: cell phone, digital camera, no PDA, laptop Monitoring Devices: scale in bedroom, no pedometer, no heart rate monitor, sometimes checks on blood pressure at store She occasionally will check her blood pressure at the store, but only when she thinks of it (she doesn't make trips to the store for that purpose).
She was surprised recently to have her blood pressure taken and it be higher than her normal, so she is now more interested in tracking it.

CURRENTLY MONITORING: WEIGHT :[L15]
She also tracks her weight and would like to lose some weight for general health. [Journal](0:09:30)

PROCEDURE: CONFUSION ABOUT STUDY REQUIREMENTS :[L15]
She was initially concerned that she would actually have to start keeping a journal as part of the study, but was reassured that the displays were just hypothetical.

CURRENTLY MONITORING: TO-DO'S :[L15]
She already uses a personal calendar and has from time to time recorded what she did for the day over a period of several years, but she never goes back to look at it.

CONCERN: NOT KNOWING WHAT TO DO WITH INFORMATION :[L15]
After a few years, I don't do it anymore, because I just don't know what to do with that information. :[L15]

BENEFIT: TRACING START OF MEDICAL PROBLEM :[L15]
She admits that she would look at the information over a short-term basis, particularly when some problem occurred for which she sought medical assistance. She would look back in the calendar to try to determine when the problem first occurred. She only did this once or twice.

BENEFIT: INFORMATION USED TO PLAN (PERSONAL CALENDAR) CAN ALSO BE USED TO TRACK :[L15] BENEFIT: RECORDING INFORMATION ABOUT DAILY EVENTS IS NOT HARD :[L15]
She mainly uses her calendar for appointments and believes that information could also be helpful retrospectively. She asserts that she would be willing to record more about what happened during a day if there was use for it, because the act of doing it is not hard.

NEUTRAL REACTION: SNACKING -ALREADY KNOW, MOST EATING FOLLOWS ROUTINE :[L15]
She feels that she is fairly conscientious about what she eats and therefore does not need to track snacking. She believes she can recall what she eats during the day and with some effort, what she ate the day previous. She believes she has a fairly strong routine with regard to what she eats. [Snoop](0:16:05)

PROCEDURE: CONFUSION OVER WHETHER TO ANSWER FOR OTHER PEOPLE OR FOR SELF :[L15]
She asked for clarification about whether it would be helpful for other people or for her case.

POSITIVE REACTION: SNOOP, EATING BEHAVIOR :[L15]
Oh, I think it would be very helpful. Even though I studied nutrition, I do think there might be something I don't realize. Mistakes I made, or I should do better.. yeah, I think that would be very good. :[L15]

IDEA VARIABLE: QUANTITY OF FOOD :[L15] IDEA VARIABLE: FOOD CHOICES :[L15] IDEA VARIABLE: POSTURE AND EATING MANNER :[L15]
She was interested in getting feedback about the quantity of food she is eating, but particularly about posture and eating manner and choices of food. She agreed that feedback about exercise would be helpful too.

IDEA USE: EXERCISE FEEDBACK SHOULD BE GENTLE AND JUST FOCUS ON HELPING PERSON TO GET STARTED :[L15]
In a gentle way. If I wasn't moving around, if they could remind me to do a little bit more -"try 20 hand lifts or bend your knees, try a little bit." A little push, because I know the initiation is so hard, but once I get on to doing something, I really enjoy it. :[L15]

PROCEDURE: THINKS ABOUT SOCIAL AWARENESS AND WORK HABITS AS APPLIED TO OTHER PEOPLE :[L15]
She thinks the social awareness and work habits are helpful, but talks about them more hypothetically ("people can get into bad habits…"). She notes that she has noticed food service employees sometime have non-hygienic habits, such as touching their face. She also would like to see politeness addressed.

IDEA USE: A COMPUTER GIVING FEEDBACK WOULD BE SEEM LESS CRITICAL :[L15]
She emphasizes that she wouldn't want criticism, but thinks a computer telling her would be better.

[TV](0:21:20) NEUTRAL REACTION: FAIRLY AWARE OF HOW MUCH TIME SPENT WATCHING TV :[L15] POSITIVE REACTION: TIME SPENT OUTSIDE :[L15]
She thinks they are all very interesting. She's "kind of aware" of how much time she spends watching TV. She notes that "time spent outside" would be helpful because if it's very low, "you are not spending enough time with nature and are instead cooped up".

NEUTRAL REACTION: MOOD, DOESN'T VARY SIGNIFICANTLY :[L15]
She thinks it would be interesting to see time spent outside with mood, but believes that her mood is generally not varied; she doesn't have significant mood swings.

NEGATIVE REACTION: COMPARISON WITH AVERAGE, MAY NOT BE HELPFUL OR ACCURATE :[L15] NEUTRAL REACTION: COMPARISON WITH PERCEPTION OF TIME SPENT IN BEHAVIOR (NO REACTION) :[L15] POSITIVE REACTION: TIME SPENT WATCHING TV WITH TIME SPENT OUTSIDE :[L15]
She's not sure about making comparisons with the average, because sometimes it is not very accurate or helpful. She didn't respond to the idea of comparing the watched time with the perceived watched time, but instead concentrated on seeing the relationship between TV watching and time spent outside.

NEUTRAL REACTION: TIME SPENT IN CONVERSATION, UNSURE THAT WOULD BE RELATED TO OTHER VARIABLES :[L15]
I asked her about tracking time spent in conversation and she wondered whether that would really be related to time spent watching TV. She was unsure, in general, about whether tracking conversation time would be helpful.

IDEA USE: EVALUATE TIME SPENT ON ACTIVITIES ON DAILY BASIS TO DETERMINE WHERE ADJUSTMENTS COULD BE MADE TO MAKE MORE TIME FOR GOALS :[L15]
After a year or two, she would evaluate whether she was meeting her goals and if not, begin assessing whether she could better manage her time in order to achieve them.
After a year or two, I think oh, I'm not progressing along or I didn't fulfill some of my wishes or whatever, and maybe look at the pattern and go "oh! Maybe I should cut down on this, increase this a little bit more, to progress more. Find out why and help to improve. : [L15] [Place](0:2:) -participant chosen The participant indicated she was familiar with plan view. She reflected that the sequence of activity information was "anthropology-like."

BENEFIT: ACTIVITY SEQUENCE FOR HOME DESIGN, DEVELOPING CENTRALIZED DESIGN :[L15] NEUTRAL REACTION: ACTIVITY SEQUENCE, ALREADY KNOW SOME :[L15] NEUTRAL REACTION: ACTIVITY SEQUENCE, MORE APPROPRIATE FOR EXPERT AUDIENCE :[L15]
She thought that if she were getting a new house, she would like to see how much she is currently "running around" in order to make a more centralized design. She felt she already knew some things though, and felt the rest would be more appropriate for an expert audience.
I think this would be very helpful for planners or architects, probably not for ordinary people. :[L15]

NEUTRAL REACTION: MEDICATION AND PLACE, ALREADY HAS ROUTINE IN PLACE :[L15]
She doesn't take much medication, so didn't find that the medication-place example applied to her. Her medication regimen is currently very routinized and she uses a common place (in the kitchen) for medications that are temporarily prescribed.

IDEA USE: RETRACING STEPS TO EVOKE MEMORY AND HELP LOCATE MISSING ITEMS :[L15] IDEA USE: HELPING CAREGIVERS RETRACE STEPS TO LOCATE MISSING ITEMS :[L15]
She feels though that as she gets older, she might like information that would help her locate items. Forgetting itself is troubling, so she would like information that could help her trace what she was doing and "bring back the memory." She also foresaw that having information might help her caregivers as well, if she were incapable.

NEUTRAL REACTION: HIGH POINT/LOW POINT, MOOD IS FAIRLY CONSTANT :[L15] BENEFIT: EVEN IF MOOD IS CONSTANT NOW, ONE DAY MAY HAVE MOOD SWINGS OR DEPRESSED MOOD :[L15] BENEFIT: IDENTIFYING WHAT MAKES YOU HAPPY CAN HELP YOU WHEN IT'S DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN UP MOOD :[L15]
She thought the high point/low point would be good for other people, and maybe one day for her, but not right now because her mood is fairly constant. She noted that mood swings are the kind of thing that could happen to anyone at some point in their life, so thought it might one day be helpful. She specifically thought that it might be helpful to identify things that make her really happy (other than good food, good music, and good movies) that she doesn't know about for later on. [Activity](0:35:00)

POSITIVE REACTION: ACTIVITY TRACKING :[L15]
She thought that the activity data would be helpful and thought that looking at it on a week-scale would be fine.

CONCERN: INFORMATION CAN BE UNHELPFUL IN SITUATIONS WHERE SCHEDULE CONSTRAINS CHOICES :[L15]
She noted that sometimes there are constraints that limit what people can do at particular times of day (for example, if they work) and that having that information would not be helpful.

IDEA USE: IDENTIFY LITTLE CHANGES THAT CAN BE MADE (GETTING MORE ACTIVITY ON BREAKS) :[L15]
She believes that if change occurs slowly, you will feel better, and that helping people to identify little things they can do (e.g., get more activity on their breaks at work) would be helpful. Her initial reaction to looking at a longer time-scale was that it would be very interesting, but noted that she thought she knew about significant changes, such as with time spent cooking over the past 10 years.
Big changes I probably know. Little changes, minor ones, I probably don't know. : [L15] She knew she cooked less and less as her daughters moved out.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: SLOWNESS, AGILITY AND AMOUNT OF ACTIVITY, TIME SPENT SITTING DOWN, OVER LONG TERM :[L15]
She thought that her body had become slower and less agile over the last 10 years. She would like to see whether those changes are associated with whether she moved less, sat down more.

IDEA VARIABLE: ABILITY TO RECALL DETAILS OF MOVIES WATCHED IN PREVIOUS WEEKS, TIME TO RECALL :[L15]
She indicated that she was interested in memory changes and notes that there have been some changes in the last 10 years; specifically that it will take her longer to recall specific memories (like what she did last week). She notes that if she watches a movie in the previous week, the details are already faded and she has to concentrate to really recall it and her response to it.

BENEFIT: PROMPTING MEDICAL VISIT (MEMORY) :[L15]
When asked what she would do if she tracked those kinds of changes to memory over time and saw a decline, she indicated she would talk with a doctor and that she would want to know. She indicated that it might help to put it in the context of her friends' cognitive abilities.

PROCEDURE: CONFUSION ABOUT OVERLAPPING DATA SCALES :[L15]
She was confused by the overlapping scales (memory versus time spent cooking) and was advised to uncheck some options to reduce clutter.

POSITIVE REACTION: TIME SPENT WITH FRIENDS OVER TIME :[L15] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: TIME SPENT WITH FRIENDS AND MOOD, GENERAL HEALTH :[L15]
She knows that social interaction is related with mood so thought that tracking time spent with friends would be good. She noted though that some people can be content without having a lot of social interactions. She thought that social interaction would be related to mood and health change for herself.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: SHOPPING TRIPS AND MOOD/HEALTH :[L15]
She thought that a good indicator of health change for herself would be whether she was going out, specifically to do necessary shopping.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AND MOOD :[L15]
She believes barometric pressure is related to mood.
She was curious whether she had to say it out loud or if I could see her choices.

BENEFIT: IT DOESN'T HURT TO TRACK (TIME SPENT READING, WATCHING TV, MOVIES) :[L15]
She believes she "kind of knows" how much she is reading, watching TV, etc., but "it doesn't hurt to track" She resorts by "stress" Idea relationship: gardening and stress

BENEFIT: MOTIVATION TO DO ACTIVITY (SEEING HOW GARDENING AFFECTS STRESS) :[L15]
She thought there were more specific things that would be associated with stress, and gave as an example, gardening. She knows it's a good thing for her to do, but she has trouble initiating the activity. Monitors her weight. Was monitoring her blood pressure, but it is controlled through medication.

BENEFIT: COMBINED INFORMATION; REPLACING INEFFECTIVE RECORD-TRACKING METHODS :[L16]
"I write a lot of things down, but can't keep track of them. I like the idea of everything being electronic." : [L16] She was keeping an electronic calendar at work, but hasn't done that for home and her non-workrelated activities. [Journal](0:05:55)

CONCERN: DISCIPLINE REQUIRED TO RECORD :[L16]
The participant is excited about tracking, but notes the challenge of being disciplined at recording information.

IDEA VARIABLE: FEELINGS OF ANGER :[L16] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: BLOOD PRESSURE AND ANGER :[L16] IDEA USE: INTERVENING WHEN BECOMING ANGRY :[L16]
The participant would like to have a device that reacts to signals that she is getting angry by making her aware and coaching her to keep her temper in check.
"I've often thought that, with respect to behavior modification, if you could have a monitor that would tell you, I don't know how sensitively your emotions could be monitored, but I frequently regret getting angry and if I had something speaking in my ear " [name], your blood pressure is going up, is there something going on around youlisten, don't react." I've often wondered if I would find that helpful." :[L16]

POSITIVE REACTION: SNACKING :[L16] IDEA USE: NOTIFICATION WHEN CALORIC LIMIT HAS BEEN REACHED DURING THE DAY :[L16]
She would like to be able to track what she eats and get notified in the day to curtail her eating when she has overreached her target caloric intake.
"With respect to weight, to easily say this is what I'm eating and to convert that to calories -well look, you are up to what you have for the day, maybe you need to rethink having that snack." :[L16] "If you had so many calories and you can either have that candy bar or two apples." :[L16]

CONCERN: ARE THERE HIDDEN REASONS WHY DON'T TRACK ALREADY (OTHER THAN RECORDING IS DIFFICULT) :[L16]
"I don't know if it's just an excuse [that current recording methods are too difficult] that I don't track things like that, or if something was available, whether I would. "I have a tendency to want to have a record of everything. And it seems to be getting stronger, I don't if that's an age thing or what. It intrigues me of why, maybe it's feeling less able to rely on memory and if I have it written down, there it is." :[L16]

BENEFIT: IT'S EASY TO FORGET THINGS YOU THINK YOU WILL REMEMBER (MOVIE TITLES WATCHED) :[L16]
"With respect to movies and books you read, you're like oh, I'm going to remember thisthen the next thing you know, you've rented the same movie that you saw <laughs>. Or talking about a book you read and remembering specific parts of it." : "I have found it fascinating to try to get at why I found a book or movie positive or whether I didn't enjoy it. I've wondered whether you can separate whatever happens to you, the disagreement you got into that morning, whether that colors everything and that's why you didn't like the movie. Or who you went with, and you were worried that they wouldn't like it, and that's why you weren't just able to enjoy it. I would love to be able to do experiments to see how various apparently not related things can in fact influence how you like and dislike a meal, a movie, an experience." :[L16]

IDEA INVESTIGATION: FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTED TO A "GOOD DAY" -PRODUCTIVITY, COMMENTS FROM OTHERS, BLOOD SUGAR, OR SOMETHING ELSE :[L16]
"In looking back over a workday -it's like oh, today was really good -well, why was it good? Was it because of some really trivial complement that you were given early in the morning or is it because you accomplished something where you can say look, I discovered how to do this or wrapped something up. What was it about the day or was it just your blood sugar in the morning? I suppose if you are monitoring all kinds of physiological things, you can correlate and have the higher protein load earlier because look at this pattern. I have a feeling that it's much more complicated to do, otherwise you would have figured it out already, but that interests me." :[L16]

IDEA INVESTIGATION: DO BEHAVIORAL/EMOTIONAL EXPLANATIONS FOR EATING APPLY? DO SIMPLE TRICKS TO ABATE HUNGER WORK? :[L16]
"I don't know if the reminder would make me angry or would be just enough to be helpful. I know various tricks -if you are hungry and have a glass of water, that may pass. Or if you are angry about something and it's quote/unquote emotional eating, if there is a way to get beyond that. Usually for me, if it is emotional eating, someone reminding me that it is emotional eating is probably not going to help. <laughs> But I would like to try to experiment." : "I would like to have that snoop and to do the analysis. See if there is a way that my eating habits might be able to be changed [in a way ] that's not as onerous as a diet. I'm relatively healthy so I can't think anything that I'm not aware of that I might feel better because of somebody watching." :[L16]

IDEA INVESTIGATION: WHAT DAILY ROUTINE WILL GIVE SATISFACTION :[L16]
In the past few months, she hasn't had a routine like she did when she was going to work. She had the opportunity to retire early and she chose to do so, a year and a half before she had planned to retire. In some ways she doesn't feel like she was ready and is trying to decide what to do with her time.

NEGATIVE REACTION: SOCIAL AWARENESS, UNLESS YOU HAD A MOTIVATION TO CHANGE :[L16] CONCERN: FEELING LIKE BEING CRITICIZED (SOCIAL AWARENESS) :[L16] CONCERN: IT MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE TO CHANGE THE BEHAVIOR (LINGUISTIC PATTERNS) :[L16]
With respect to social awareness, "I'd like to hear it, but with respect to whether you feel you are being criticized. Just looking at the repeated use of "you know" in casual conversation -I know that sort of thing would be pointed out and I know it's very difficult to change that. So I guess it's a function of whether you feel a motivation to change. Would I know want to know something? I can't think of anything." :[L16] She thought this would be interesting. When I asked her what we would see if she did this for next few days, she said she thought it would show how often she is using the computer.
"I'm not staying focused on tasks, but rather, oh I want to look this up <laughs> It's kind of a classic, once you get to the computer, oh there you are surfing and one thing leads to another. It may even be useful things you are discovering as opposed to watching TV or doing some mindless game. However, you are not finishing the task that you started." : [L16] "I can get really distracted by doing things like that. I only have a few things I'm going to do during the day and all of the sudden, you haven't done the two things you were going to do today <laughs>" :[L16]

IDEA USE: YOU HAVE TO HAVE A GOAL IN MIND TO BENEFIT FROM TRACKING :[L16]
She believes you have to have a goal in mind to benefit from tracking data. I ask her about the "inferred" aspect of the collected data, with respect to whether uncertainty would be problematic. She doesn't have a sense of the variability in her mental abilities or mood. Her husband believes that he has seasonal affective disorder, because he feels down in the wintertime. She notes that he also doesn't get to ride his bicycle as much though, so she questions whether the change in physical activity may be the cause.
"If there were a way to monitor these things in a more whole body way…" :[L16]

IDEA USE: WOULD FEEL COMFORTABLE TAKING TRACKING INFORMATION TO DOCTOR :[L16]
She could see herself taking tracking information to her doctor. She doesn't take anything right now, but because she had a bilateral mastectomy a few years ago, she goes in for frequent exams and her doctors more closely monitor change. She feels like she is being monitored. "Activity patterns with and without children would be dramatically different <laughs> and I think you don't realize -now that you're delving into this -I have this feeling I'm not as active, but why not? Well, you know when you are dealing with children, I think your activity levels are definitely affected and you can see a difference without them. Similarly who you're living with, when they come home and when meal times are, that could be correlated. I guess it's well look, you're not nearly as active, you are going to have to substitute something in order to be more active, what might that be with respect to your time and other constraints and your enjoyment levels. You can positively affect your body." :[L16]

IDEA VARIABLE: SOCIAL INTERACTION OVER YEARS, HOW MANY TIMES YOU HAVE SOMEONE OVER TO DINNER, GO OUT TO DINNER :[L16]
I asked her to think about the next ten years, what she would like to track.
"Social interaction, how many times do you have someone over to dinner, go out to dinner, I could see those things really taking a nose dive."

CONCERN: IF YOU THINK YOU KNOW YOURSELF AND DON'T NEED INFORMATION, HAVING INFORMATION WON'T HELP :[L16]
"I think depending on how you receive information about yourself and whether you feel having outside or impartial information about you can be useful. If you think 'I know myself, I don't need any information', that's your preconceived notion, no graph is going to do anything." :[L16]

CONCERN: SOME PEOPLE DON'T WANT TO QUESTION THEIR BELIEFS ABOUT THEMSELVES AND THEIR PERSONAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS :[L16]
She recounts how she has a relative who takes supplements. She is of the opinion that the supplements aren't doing anything and has suggested that the relative try running some experiments (using placebos) to see if there is an effect, but the relative has no interest in doing so.
"It has to do with your attitude toward information. Number 1, do you trust the measurement, do you think it is something real. Like an aura measurement I would have no interest in." :[L16] [Sorting] (0:44:37) She would like to track ability to concentrate with respect to aging.
She would like to track ability to recall information, but not stories/jokes

IDEA USE: TRACKING SOMETHING AS A COUPLE OUT OF CONCERN THAT ONE PERSON HAS A PROBLEM (ALCOHOL) :[L16]
"I wonder if my husband is drinking more -I know he is -and I wonder if it is excessive. I would like to track his alcohol drinking and could track mine as well. It would be interesting to see if he would [be willing]." :[L16]

IDEA VARIABLE: SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISTRACTION :[L16]
She relates awareness of time to susceptibility to distraction and that's of interest to her.
She doesn't think barometric pressure affects her, but thinks it would be fun to find out for sure.
She thinks her blood pressure is under control and doesn't need to track.
She would be interested in knowing how long it takes her to decide what to wear and would "cringe at that"

She would be very interested in commitments
She is less interested in community traffic congestion because she can choose when to go out into it.
She is fascinated with social interaction and would like to track conversation turn taking.
She would like to examine communication with family/friends by medium (phone, email, direct). She would like to know how much time she is spending emailing in particular, because she guesses that it is significant.
She wonders how gullibility would be measured but may be interested She wanted to measure heart rate with respect to building anger.

IDEA INVESTIGATION: DRUG TRIALS AND MENTAL ABILITY, HOW RELATE TO WORLD :[L16]
She had a hard time convincing doctors to let her go on estrogen during menopause. She had to argue that her quality of life was more important to her than the risk. Her oncologist had her try several psychiatric compounds, unsuccessfully, and she wish had been able to monitor that to see what those medications affected how she relates to the world "I would have wanted to measure cognitive ability, the ability to concentrate… something quick that you could do over a week or two while trying a drug." :[L16]

CONCERN: TRACKING BECOMES TOO ATTENTION CONSUMING AND TAKES AWAY FROM GOAL ITSELF (FAMILY KNOWLEDGE) :[L16]
She wanted to know how "how much you know about your friends and family" would be measured and agreed that she would like to track that, but only to the degree that it in itself wasn't becoming too attention consuming.

CONCERN: ABILITY TO RATE SUBJECTIVE QUALITIES LIKE MOOD :[L16]
"I'm not sure I can do that [rate her mood] very well, but yes I would like it" : [L16] She would like to explore whether multitasking is beneficial or not.
She would like to track how many people she actually interacted with… She felt her hearing was starting to get worse and would like to monitor

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: RAISED VOICE AND AFFECT ON OTHER PEOPLE :[L16]
She wanted to track raised voices in terms of an indicator of her own anger. She also noted that a raised voice, even when from excitement, could turn people off, so she would like to correlate voice amplitude with people's perceptions.
She wanted to track when she feels the need to have something to eat and why "Spouse's mood, yes! If you can figure that out, let me know." : [L16] She was interested in general in how her day was "arranged," in terms of wake-sleep cycles and time spent in activities such as cooking.
She doesn't watch much TV and so is not interested in tracking it.
She interpreted "use of space" as having to do with organization, noting they have too much stuff.
Re-sorted by mental sharpness. Has kept a personal journal in the past, keeps a travel journal that includes memorable moments with family

CURRENTLY TRACKING: BEFORE-AFTER PHOTOS FOR SENSE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT :[L17]
Recently took a before-after photo of gardening work to get a sense of accomplishment

CURRENTLY TRACKING: WILDLIFE PATTERNS :[L17]
She has been keeping a record of how much sugar she uses to feed the hummingbirds over time as a way of studying how many travel to the area. She wants to start tracking other variables related to wildlife and noted that she recently found out a friend is doing this as well.

IDEA VARIABLE: WHETHER YOU DREAM, COMPLEXITY OR RICHNESS OF DREAMING :[L17] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: VITAMIN-B SUPPLEMENTS AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY, DREAMING, READING ABILITY :[L17]
After experiencing short-term memory problems during menopause, she started taking vitamin-B supplements. She believes it has made a significant improvement in her memory; she also notes that she remembers her dreams every day now and they are quite vivid, which she wasn't doing. She's always found it difficult to concentrate on reading, but finds it easier now and can read for much longer periods. "I think it would be valuable to know which places I frequent the most, such as I tend to like to go to a lot of grocery stores to pick out the things we like to eat, and I don't have a real clear idea of how often I'm going to the store and if I understood that maybe I could have a better schedule, so I'm not wasting time going to the store, I could use that time in another way." [L17]

IDEA USE: PEOPLE ENCOUNTERED FOR KEEPING TRACK OF CHECKING ON OLDER ADULTS :[L17]
The participant couldn't see how she would use the people encountered, but could imagine other people finding it useful, such as those who are checking on older adults (i.e. knowing when the last time you checked on that person).

NEUTRAL REACTION: ALREADY KNOW SNACKING :[L17]
"Since I've recently changed the way I eat -I think it would be good to be aware of how much you're snacking, I try not to eat between meals too much -but if I thought I was snacking more than I should."

POSITIVE REACTION: MONITORING WATER DRINKING; IDEA USE: COMBINE WITH REMINDER TO DRINK WATER :[L17]
"I really would like to know that, because I do think water drinking is good." She indicated that she would like reminders for water drinking.

POSITIVE REACTION: MEMORABLE MOMENTS FOR RECORD :[L17]
"I definitely like the idea of if I heard a memorable story or an incident that I found fascinating, as something I kept that I could go back in be reminded of it in the future."

IDEA USE: SUGGESTIONS OF WHAT TO READ :[L17]
"The other thing is that if somebody gave me some information that I thought hey -like a suggestion of a book to read or a suggestion to try something they had tried, and I thought it was a good idea, and I went hey, I want to remember that, to remind myself to check on it." (0:14:50)

POSITIVE REACTION: MEDIA SOURCE OF NEWS :[L17] NEUTRAL REACTION: MEDIA AND POINT IN LIFE :[L17]
"I find that sometimes I get information about a certain vitamin or something and it's so easy to take that information and you think you're going to remember it and you don't. Or you say, there was something about that -did I read it, did I see it on TV?" [L17] She doesn't think she would be interested in looking at what she was watching or listening to at a certain time period, unless there was a dramatic change.

POSITIVE REACTION: DISTRACTION BY EXTERNAL FACTORS :[L17]
She would like to know how often she gets distracted by external events.

POSITIVE REACTION: HOW WELL GIVING VERBAL FEEDBACK TO SPOUSE :[L17]
She would like to know how well she is giving feedback to her spouse, such as the "I'm listening" cues.

POSITIVE REACTION: POSTURE, HUNCHED POSITIONS :[L17] IDEA RELATIONSHIP: POSTURE AND AGING, POSTURE AND BACK STRENGTH :[L17]
She thought the posture information would be good and noted that it is so easy to not be aware of hunched positions. She's concerned about her posture as she ages; she wants to maintain a strong back.

POSITIVE REACTION: OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXERCISE :[L17]
She liked the "opportunities for exercise" example, noting that she should be walking more and would like to combine exercise, such as lifting weights, with other activities. She feels that she already knows whether she is buying products with natural versus artificial ingredients and whether her items meet her nutrition goals. "Could it have a reminder, you usually purchase this item and you haven't purchased it in a while -so you just have an idea, I haven't been buying that -is that something I just don't want to buy any more or have I been meaning to get that." [L17]

IDEA USE: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION ON GROCERY RECEIPT -COULD RUN BACK AND GET SOMETHING OR PUT IT ON THE LIST FOR NEXT TIME :[L17]
She thought the timing of the information, on the grocery receipt, would be helpful (as long as it was in large print). Initially, she is concerned that could become obsessed with idle time, because she has a tendency to think that she has to "stay busy". However, she later adds-in idle time because she feels that she's more negatively reactive to idle moments when in a poor mood. [L18] keeps a record on the computer he calls "first of the year, flora and fauna" which he uses to track the seasonal changes in animals and plants around his home.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: HOURS PUT INTO A PROJECT VERSUS OUTCOMES :[L18]
He has his email broken down by category and mainly reviews the folders when he's looking for a particular email, but occasionally uses it as a spot check on how successful has been on a particular project. [L18] noticed that mood was low when the couple was talking more and found it amusing (it was designed that the couple talks more when watching TV, but watching TV lowers their mood -so it's interesting that [L18] saw another possible relationship here).
[L18] also questioned whether heart rate would go up or down while watching TV.

NEGATIVE REACTION: HEART RATE (NOT NEEDED YET) :[L18]
He thought it was all pretty interesting and would like to track it, but would not be interested in heart rate at this time of his life (maybe as he gets older).

POSITIVE REACTION: TV AND MOOD :[L18]
He would like to review it on occasion, if he became concerned about his mood and wanted to experiment with TV watching time to see if that would help. He would like to track coffee and alcohol drinking, email sent/received, laughter, number of digital photos taken, snacking, TV watching. He would like to add outdoor activities -time spent and how you spent it, gardening, fishing, feeding birds or tending to wildlife, and writing to officials regarding environmental causes.

INVESTIGATION: SPENDING TIME DOING THE THINGS YOU LOVE :[L18]
He believes that it is important for people to do the things they love to do to affect their health positively. He notes that people commonly put these things "on the backburner" but if they could see how much they affect their mood, they would make time for them. She got a pedometer a few months back and used it consistently for a month to get a reference of how much she "wasn't moving." She was aiming for 10,000 a day and found that most of hers averaged between 6000 and 8000. Occasionally she made it to the goal.

BENEFIT: MORE ACCURATE THAN READINGS IN CLINIC :[L19]
She's tracking blood pressure at home because she's had higher blood pressure for years and her doctor suggested that she may just have higher blood pressure at the clinic and recommended that she monitor it at home.

CURRENTLY TRACKING: BLOOD PRESSURE :[L19]
She keeps a journal and records her blood pressure and the steps, when she was using the pedometer.

POSITIVE REACTION: SNACKING :[L19]
She likes snacking and notes that she had recorded the number of calories eaten in a day in the past.
She regrets not keeping a journal and would like to have a record of things that happen throughout the day that she would like to remember.

IDEA USE: MONITORING TO MAKE SURE A GOAL IS MET :[L19]
She tries to meet the 8-glasses a day of water goal and would like something that just monitored that she was meeting that goal.

NEUTRAL REACTION: PLACES VISITED, SIMPLE LIFE, HARD TO RELATE TO :[L19] NEUTRAL REACTION: PEOPLE ENCOUNTERED, SIMPLE LIFE, HARD TO RELATE TO :[L19]
It's hard for her to relate to the places visited and people encountered because she doesn't get out that much day-to-day, as she cares for her husband.
[Snoop](0:03:40) She initially laughed and said she would be afraid to see what they said, but that it would be interesting.

CONCERN: DIFFICULT TO BEHAVE NATURALLY WHEN YOU KNOW YOU ARE BEING WATCHED :[L19]
She thinks that if there were an actual person following her, it would be difficult to behave naturally and that she would be on her best behavior.

POSITIVE REACTION: EATING BEHAVIORS :[L19] POSITIVE REACTION: POSTURE :[L19]
If she could be natural, she thought they all looked interesting. I asked her what they would notice if they followed her around for the next few weeks. She thought that they would notice her snacking, because she feels that is something she does without really realizing it. She tends to get a lot of upper back aches and think they may be related to tightening up her shoulders. She would like to see when she's actually do that.

POSITIVE REACTION: OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXERCISE :[L19]
She does a fair amount of exercise in the house just running up and down the stairs and thinks it's enough, but would like to see if it actually is.

NEUTRAL REACTION: SOCIAL AWARENESS, WOULDN'T SERVE A PURPOSE :[L19] NEUTRAL REACTION: WORK HABITS, LIFE IS STRUCTURED AROUND CARE FOR ANOTHER PERSON, "DOES THINGS AS THEY NEED TO BE DONE" :[L19]
I asked her about the second two examples. She thought she would definitely be more interested in the top three than these. She doesn't know what purpose the social awareness would serve for her. She feels her work throughout the day is structured around her husband's needs, so she "does things as they need to be done." She notes that the TV is on all the time because her husband watches it, but she would like to know how much time she's actively watching.
She asked for additional explanation, particularly about the mood rating.
She thought all of them would be interesting to her and could see herself tracking them over time.
Her husband has impaired speech output, so they don't have conventional conversations, but she noted that you could track how often she is speaking to him. She doesn't feel she has a problem with memory and so wouldn't be interested in tracking it, even over a shorter time scale.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: BAROMETRIC PRESSURE AND GOOD DAYS/BAD DAYS FOR IMPAIRED INDIVIDUAL :[L19]
She wanted to track barometric pressure because it seems to affect what kind of day her husband has She doesn't drink coffee/tea She doesn't think she is very gullible She's been told she has a problem with snoring She thinks she probably watches too much TV She resorts by eating choices She notes that her snacks are usually outside the refrigerator.

IDEA RELATIONSHIP: SOCIAL INTERACTION WITH FAMILY AND MINDLESS EATING :[L19]
Conversation turn-taking… "When there are more people around, a lot of times you can mindlessly eat and snack, sitting at the She would like to track his mobility, because it varies so much. She noticed that the kind of day he is having determines the kind of day she has. His eating choices are usually good because she prepares the food for him. She wanted to track his speech from day to day and his mental acuity.

BENEFIT: THERE IS A LOT OF VARIABILITY IN CHRONIC COMPLEX CONDITIONS, SO THERE NEEDS TO BE A WAY TO DESCRIBE THAT :[L19]
"There is so much about his problems that vary from day to day, so if there was some way that could be tracked, it would really be of interest." :[L19]

BENEFIT: DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE HOW GOOD OR BAD DAY IS RELATIVE TO PAST :[L19]
"You do tend to forget from day to day, is this a bad day, or is this a day that is worse than it has ever been." :[L19] She would like to track how many times he walks from his chair to the kitchen and to the bathroom. She hasn't tried a pedometer with him, but was going to try it the following weekend.
"I'll have to try that some time, I never thought about that." :[L19] She would take information about his mobility, speech, and mental acuity to her doctors. BENEFIT: INFORMATION  She keeps several journals, but not on a daily basis. She keeps a journal of her reading, writing a summary paragraph and title for the books that she reads. She keeps a garden journal that includes what she plants and how they do. When she travels, she keeps a record of the things she does and the things she might want to go back and see. She also has a personal reflection journal, which she adds to under intense life circumstances. She had cancer a few years ago and recorded everything that happened to her, how she was feeling, what the doctor said and what her questions were, "as a way of dealing with the anxiety of the cancer and the treatment." She's also written in this personal journal when she moved.

IDEA USE: RECORDS THAT BECOME A REFERENCE FOR HOW TO DO SOMETHING (GARDENING) :[L21]
Her entries are freeform; she just dates them. She does review them -"they become a reference." Every spring she reviews her garden journal and looks for plants that have lasted well. She doesn't believe there is a lot of difference, however, in how she gardens throughout the journal period of 6 years.

IDEA USE: JOG MEMORY (READING JOURNAL) :[L21]
She uses the reading journal to jog her memory about what she's read and whether she liked a particular author.
She weighs herself a couple times of week at the same time and is just making sure she stays within a particular range.

IDEA USE: CORRESPONDENCE TO MONITOR RELATIONSHIPS :[L21]
She keeps correspondence to and from friends that she may review for suggestions they have made (e.g., what to read) or to reminder herself of events in their lives. She keeps them to "monitor her relationships." She keeps financial records.
She considers herself a Ludite, giving as examples the fact that she had to be convinced her by her children to get an answering machine, that she never owned a VCR (but now owns a DVD), and that she doesn't use a cell-phone regularly. "I can't imagine why you would want to do this -I suppose I would imagine if you were concerned about your diet or wanted to lose or gain weight, maybe it would be helpful to have insight. I suppose this kind of thing would be useful if you wanted to change your behavior and if you weren't yet aware that you needed to change your behavior, this would not be useful." :[L21]

CONCERN: IT'S BETTER TO GO TO A PROFESSIONAL EXPERT OR TO GET SOCIAL SUPPORT :[L21]
She noted that you generally go to a therapist or nutritionist to address behavior change. Because this resource exists and because social support/responsibility is so powerful, she does not believe that something like this would be useful.
"These kind of behavior change things require a system that helps you to stay on track, if you are in some kind of community or with some kind of authority, for most of us, I don't think I'm unusual, to do it only internally is hard. You're not as likely to do it. So I'm not sure these things would be particularly useful. To me." :[L21]

CONCERN: IF YOU HAVEN'T ALREADY RECOGNIZED A NEED TO CHANGE, THEN WHATEVER YOUR BEHAVIOR IS MAY BE OKAY FOR YOUR LIFE (SOCIAL AWARENESS) :[L21]
"For many of these things, there is a gap between self-awareness and what can be observed. Unless you want to affect change or you feel something is wrong… like social awareness… you may annoy the heck out of people, but you don't feel anything is wrong… you have plenty of friends, you are doing social things as frequently as you need to, so you don't feel a need to change. If you feel you need to make a change, some sort of analysis would be useful." : [L21] She notes that if you did want to make a change, you could monitor something (such as what you are really eating) and then take it to a professional (nutritionist).

CONCERN: TOO INTROPSECTIVE :[L21]
"I don't need that kind of self-introspection." I asked her if there was anything she has tried to change in recent years. She has tried to get more exercise by going to a health club. She has discontinued going and admits that she needs to motivate herself to go again.

CONCERN: ALREADY KNOW WHAT THE PROBLEM IS, JUST NEED MOTIVATION :[L21]
"I'm not sure if these observations would help. I know I need to go and I need a regular regimen of exercise… I don't need some kind of monitoring tool to tell me that." :[L21]

CONCERN: IF DOING BETTER THAN EXPECTED, MAY BE DE-MOTIVATING (EXERCISE) :[L21]
"I may get more exercise than I think I do and if I had a monitoring tool might be less motivated to go <laughs>." :[L21] She tells me about how a few years ago her gums were bleeding and her dentist told her what she needed to do and had her come back in repeatedly. As a result of this experience, she developed a thorough tooth care routine that includes flossing every day that she does without fault.

CONCERN: TRACKING IS REDUNDANT IF YOUR MEMORY IS INTACT (MIRROR EXAMPLES) :[L21]
She couldn't think of anything that she is tried to get more regularly.
"It is interesting to me that you and the folks are working with had the idea that people would like to have this information. It's sort of -I don't know, maybe if I were getting older and I was having some kind of problem with my memory, it might be a good thing to have something on the bathroom mirror that would say, oops, you didn't do your teeth yet." :[L21] She wants to age-in-place and could see this as something relevant to someone with memory problems. She couldn't see the value of it when you are healthy and have a routine. She thinks the main thing she needs now is something that eggs her on to call her trainer or go to the gym. She recounts a story about an older relative who was not getting enough electrolytes and notes that a monitoring system could have helped identify that this person wasn't eating right.

CONCERN: ANNOYING :[L21]
"I would find it a little annoying now." :[L21] "I assume you would set these up and say this is the diet you want to stick to… I could see a usefulness under circumstances like that. I would sure want to be able to turn it off <laughs>" :[L21]

NEUTRAL REACTION: REFLECTION, COULDN'T SEE HOW USEFUL :[L21]
She couldn't see how the reflection example would be useful.

NEUTRAL REACTION: ACTIVITY/PEOPLE ENCOUNTERED FROM PREVIOUS DAY -ONLY USEFUL FOR PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER'S :[L21]
She thought that the final three examples would mainly be useful for people with Alzheimer's.
She has a calendar with her schedule for the day and that primes her for what she needs to do that day. She doesn't feel she needs more than that. She thought that the daily rhythm information was relevant for research, but not for personal use.

CONCERN: TOO MUCH STRUCTURE IMPOSED ON FREE TIME :[L21] IDEA USE: SHORT TIMESCALES ARE REDUNDANT (WEEK, COMMITMENTS) :[L21]
She has a regular schedule and relishes flexible days. She keeps a calendar that also serves as a record. The time-scale of the week seemed particularly redundant for memory. She feels this would be useful if she was trying to make a change, but ordinarily wouldn't need this information. She is concerned this would be information overload. She acknowledges that passive monitoring might identify that a change is needed or be used for the purposes of a baseline by which to identify significant change (she brought up these ideas independently). She thought that activity levels would be something she would want to monitor over the next 10 years for detection of significant change.
"Some kind of monitor that would help remind you that you are making these subtle changes that you are not self-aware as you might be -activity level, or any of these behaviors now that you have triggered my thinking here. For years I've brushed my teeth and flossed and if all the sudden I started skipping days, might not be a bad idea. As you age, what are the things that you now do in a kind of routine way that make you a healthy person, that you might fail to do and need some sort of trigger to say, you're not keeping up." :[L21]

IDEA USE: DON'T USE TRACKING TOOLS TO UNDERSTAND LIFE RIGHT NOW, BUT TO MONITOR AND ANTICIPATE CHANGE AS AGING, AS EARLY WARNING TOOL :[L21]
She thinks of herself as being very healthy, aside from having had cancer. She does agree that monitoring over time could be useful for detecting a major health change.
"Not using it as a tool for understanding my life right now, but monitor and anticipate change as I'm aging, as an early warning, to go to a doctor. Why are you not walking as much. I could see it as a tool as I'm getting older that would remind me of change. Not what I did today, but the last six months. That would be more useful than did you floss today -but you've flossed every day for the last 12 years and in the last month, you've She believes that general activity level would be the most informative for her personal health changes. She notes that whether you're scheduling things and how much time you are spending outside the home would be relevant for her, particularly once she is in retirement.
"I know what I did this week and last week, but I won't know how that compares to the activity level of 6 months ago or a year ago. I would be more interested in having monitoring that happened every day, some sort of intervention that would say when there was change. It could say oh, you're suddenly hyperactive what's going on? My granddaughter's getting married, so don't worry about that." :[L21]

IDEA USE: USER SET EXPECTATIONS FOR BEHAVIOR, IN CASE YOU ARE INTENDING TO CHANGE (FITNESS TRAINING) :[L21]
"I would imagine that with these tools you would have the option of telling them about what the expectations were, so if you decided to change your behavior, if you decided that you were going to run a marathon, you could program that." :[L21] Her general conclusion was that these tools could be helpful if you were trying to make a specific behavior change and needed help or if you wanted to monitor change over a long timer period, but not for day-to-day tracking.
[Sorting] (0:49:00) Louise noted that her daily routine interrupted when she moved to a new location. In her previous location, she had a reason to get up early in the morning to go to the beach and her routine was fairly consistent. Now her routine is highly variable and she may get less exercise.
[Mirror] (0:24:25) BENEFIT: RECOGNIZING [L22] is not so much interested in clothing choices, but does believe that seeing one's reflection from a year ago (or some time ago) could provide an objective insight about whether she is letting herself go in terms of hair, make-up, and other visible signs of health and hygiene. [L22] wasn't interested in the events or people encountered because she didn't think her life was eventful enough.

POSITIVE REACTION: PEOPLE ENCOUNTERED :[L20] IDEA VARIABLE: SOCIAL COMMITMENTS :[L20]
On the other hand, Louise thought the people encountered would be very important to her. She keeps an appointment book and has to refer to it to avoid missing her social commitments; she has frustrated friends in the past. [L22] proposed that Louise's schedule could be displayed for her in the morning mirror while she brushes her teeth and Louise agreed that would be helpful if it could be easily done Louise liked the low points and high points place example. She is happy when she is around a lot of people and can get "a little slumpy" when she is home alone. She knows that being outdoors improves her mood. She's tried making modifications to her home to improve her mood, such as adding plants, and is now considering having a cat. [L22] mentioned that she would like to monitor blood pressure and salt intake. She and Louise discussed how blood pressure readings in the clinic can be wrong because of "white coat syndrome." • Already doing detailed tracking of expenses • Procedural challenges: differentiating "this applies to me" from "I want to track" • Interesting suggestion that tracking will cause self to lose faith that change will occur • Interest in preserving family knowledge -connection with understanding other family members' medical histories [L25] has kept her wall calendars since 1958 and is planning to go back through them to understand where and when they traveled.

POSITIVE REACTION: BLOOD PRESSURE AND FEELINGS OF STRESS, BLOOD PRESSURE AND EVENTS/ACTIVITIES
"That's what we're doing now, we want to go back and figure out where we went and how we went and how long we stayed. Tracking our life over the years" :[L26] (0:05:50)

CONCERN: TRACKING SUGGESTS LACK OF CONFIDENCE THAT BEHAVIOR CHANGE WILL WORK (BLOOD SUGAR) :[L26]
(0:08:00) [L26] has been diagnosed as a diabetic, just over the borderline, and was encouraged to start track his blood glucose, but would rather take a "positive" approach by believing that altering his diet and exercise will work. His wife [L25] appears skeptical and notes that at some point they may need to track it.